Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky

Using 129 whiskies from different regions such as Scotland, Ireland, America and Japan as research samples, the differences in carbon stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of isobutanol, n-propanol, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and ethanol among the volatile flavor compone...

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Main Author: CHEN Bo, LUO Jie, HE Chundian, LIU Bin, YI Bingqing, TU Xiaoke, JIN Baohui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Editorial Department of China Brewing 2025-04-01
Series:Zhongguo niangzao
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Online Access:https://manu61.magtech.com.cn/zgnz/fileup/0254-5071/PDF/0254-5071-2025-44-4-285.pdf
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author CHEN Bo, LUO Jie, HE Chundian, LIU Bin, YI Bingqing, TU Xiaoke, JIN Baohui
author_facet CHEN Bo, LUO Jie, HE Chundian, LIU Bin, YI Bingqing, TU Xiaoke, JIN Baohui
author_sort CHEN Bo, LUO Jie, HE Chundian, LIU Bin, YI Bingqing, TU Xiaoke, JIN Baohui
collection DOAJ
description Using 129 whiskies from different regions such as Scotland, Ireland, America and Japan as research samples, the differences in carbon stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of isobutanol, n-propanol, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and ethanol among the volatile flavor components was detected, and a method for the identification of exogenous alcohol in whiskey was established by gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Results showed that the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in Scottish single malt whisky ranged from -27.84‰ to -25.04‰, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in Scottish blended whisky ranged from -28.21‰ to -20.72‰, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in whisky containing corn raw material ranged from -26.66‰ to -12.83‰, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in whisky without corn raw material ranged from -28.86‰ to -24.04‰. Based on the fitted linear intercept deviation range (2SD) to discriminating adulteration, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol showed good linear relationship with that of n-propanol, isobutanol and acetaldehyde in whisky. The correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) was 0.876, 0.832, and 0.868, respectively. By combining the linear intercept deviation range with the δ<sup>13</sup>C distribution range of ethanol, the identification of whisky exogenous alcohol is more sensitive.
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spelling doaj-art-ec8ea79f5b004f338322d68c0827cc352025-08-20T03:07:05ZengEditorial Department of China BrewingZhongguo niangzao0254-50712025-04-0144428528910.11882/j.issn.0254-5071.2025.04.041Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whiskyCHEN Bo, LUO Jie, HE Chundian, LIU Bin, YI Bingqing, TU Xiaoke, JIN Baohui01.Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen 518067, China;;2.China Customs Science and Technology Research Center, Beijing 100026, ChinaUsing 129 whiskies from different regions such as Scotland, Ireland, America and Japan as research samples, the differences in carbon stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of isobutanol, n-propanol, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and ethanol among the volatile flavor components was detected, and a method for the identification of exogenous alcohol in whiskey was established by gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Results showed that the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in Scottish single malt whisky ranged from -27.84‰ to -25.04‰, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in Scottish blended whisky ranged from -28.21‰ to -20.72‰, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in whisky containing corn raw material ranged from -26.66‰ to -12.83‰, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol in whisky without corn raw material ranged from -28.86‰ to -24.04‰. Based on the fitted linear intercept deviation range (2SD) to discriminating adulteration, the δ<sup>13</sup>C of ethanol showed good linear relationship with that of n-propanol, isobutanol and acetaldehyde in whisky. The correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) was 0.876, 0.832, and 0.868, respectively. By combining the linear intercept deviation range with the δ<sup>13</sup>C distribution range of ethanol, the identification of whisky exogenous alcohol is more sensitive.https://manu61.magtech.com.cn/zgnz/fileup/0254-5071/PDF/0254-5071-2025-44-4-285.pdfwhisky|gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry|exogenous alcohol|identify
spellingShingle CHEN Bo, LUO Jie, HE Chundian, LIU Bin, YI Bingqing, TU Xiaoke, JIN Baohui
Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky
Zhongguo niangzao
whisky|gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry|exogenous alcohol|identify
title Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky
title_full Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky
title_fullStr Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky
title_full_unstemmed Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky
title_short Application of gas chromatography-combustion-stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky
title_sort application of gas chromatography combustion stable isotope mass spectrometry in the identification of exogenous alcohol in whisky
topic whisky|gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry|exogenous alcohol|identify
url https://manu61.magtech.com.cn/zgnz/fileup/0254-5071/PDF/0254-5071-2025-44-4-285.pdf
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