Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide

A previous study found that repeated intrauterine infusions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by an LPS infusion into the mammary glands attenuated the mammary inflammatory response. This suggests that repeated LPS infusion into the uterus promotes endotoxin tolerance (ET) in the mammary gland. H...

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Main Authors: Jirapat Jaisue, Naoki Suzuki, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:Innate Immunity
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/17534259251341659
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author Jirapat Jaisue
Naoki Suzuki
Takahiro Nii
Naoki Isobe
author_facet Jirapat Jaisue
Naoki Suzuki
Takahiro Nii
Naoki Isobe
author_sort Jirapat Jaisue
collection DOAJ
description A previous study found that repeated intrauterine infusions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by an LPS infusion into the mammary glands attenuated the mammary inflammatory response. This suggests that repeated LPS infusion into the uterus promotes endotoxin tolerance (ET) in the mammary gland. However, the specific changes in mammary glands under ET conditions remain unclear. We hypothesized that ET affects leukocyte function in milk. This study aimed to investigate leukocyte function in milk under ET conditions induced through repeated LPS infusions into the uterus for three days followed by LPS infusion into the mammary glands of goats. Goats in the IU group (n = 17) received an infusion of 100 μg LPS in 5 ml saline into the uterus for three consecutive days (d −3, −2, and −1), whereas the goats in the control group did not receive this infusion (n = 19). On d 0, 1 μg LPS in 5 ml saline was infused into the mammary glands of both groups. Milk was collected 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after LPS intramammary infusion. The IU group decreased cytokine production (interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1Ra) in milk following intramammary LPS infusion. Moreover, leukocyte activation, measured by phagocytic activity and CD11b expression, was higher in the IU group than in the control group. These findings suggest that goats exhibit enhanced leukocyte function in mammary glands under ET conditions, induced by repeated intrauterine infusion of LPS.
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spelling doaj-art-ec72d0349fb54d26af0b8459fb10ad692025-08-20T03:53:52ZengSAGE PublishingInnate Immunity1753-42672025-05-013110.1177/17534259251341659Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharideJirapat JaisueNaoki SuzukiTakahiro NiiNaoki IsobeA previous study found that repeated intrauterine infusions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by an LPS infusion into the mammary glands attenuated the mammary inflammatory response. This suggests that repeated LPS infusion into the uterus promotes endotoxin tolerance (ET) in the mammary gland. However, the specific changes in mammary glands under ET conditions remain unclear. We hypothesized that ET affects leukocyte function in milk. This study aimed to investigate leukocyte function in milk under ET conditions induced through repeated LPS infusions into the uterus for three days followed by LPS infusion into the mammary glands of goats. Goats in the IU group (n = 17) received an infusion of 100 μg LPS in 5 ml saline into the uterus for three consecutive days (d −3, −2, and −1), whereas the goats in the control group did not receive this infusion (n = 19). On d 0, 1 μg LPS in 5 ml saline was infused into the mammary glands of both groups. Milk was collected 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after LPS intramammary infusion. The IU group decreased cytokine production (interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1Ra) in milk following intramammary LPS infusion. Moreover, leukocyte activation, measured by phagocytic activity and CD11b expression, was higher in the IU group than in the control group. These findings suggest that goats exhibit enhanced leukocyte function in mammary glands under ET conditions, induced by repeated intrauterine infusion of LPS.https://doi.org/10.1177/17534259251341659
spellingShingle Jirapat Jaisue
Naoki Suzuki
Takahiro Nii
Naoki Isobe
Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide
Innate Immunity
title Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide
title_full Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide
title_fullStr Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide
title_full_unstemmed Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide
title_short Mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide
title_sort mammary leukocytes function of endotoxin tolerant goat induced by intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide
url https://doi.org/10.1177/17534259251341659
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AT takahironii mammaryleukocytesfunctionofendotoxintolerantgoatinducedbyintrauterineinfusionoflipopolysaccharide
AT naokiisobe mammaryleukocytesfunctionofendotoxintolerantgoatinducedbyintrauterineinfusionoflipopolysaccharide