Susceptibility-induced internal gradients reveal axon morphology and cause anisotropic effects in the diffusion-weighted MRI signal

Abstract Diffusion-weighted MRI is our most promising method for estimating microscopic tissue morphology in vivo. The signal acquisition is based on scanner-generated external magnetic gradients. However, it will also be affected by susceptibility-induced internal magnetic gradients caused by inter...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: S. Winther, H. Lundell, J. Rafael-Patiño, M. Andersson, J.-P. Thiran, T. B. Dyrby
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79043-5
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Summary:Abstract Diffusion-weighted MRI is our most promising method for estimating microscopic tissue morphology in vivo. The signal acquisition is based on scanner-generated external magnetic gradients. However, it will also be affected by susceptibility-induced internal magnetic gradients caused by interactions between the tissue and the static magnetic field of the scanner. With 3D in silico experiments, we show how internal gradients cause morphology-, compartment-, and orientation-dependence of spin-echo and pulsed-gradient spin-echo experiments in myelinated axons. These effects surpass those observed with previous 2D modelling corresponding to straight cylinders. For an ex vivo monkey brain, we observe the orientation-dependence generated only when including non-circular cross-sections in the in silico morphological configurations, and find orientation-dependent deviation of up to 17% for diffusion tensor metrics. Interestingly, we find that the orientation-dependence not only biases the signal across different brain regions, but also carries a sensitivity to the morphology of axonal cross-sections which is not attainable by the idealised theoretical diffusion-weighted MRI signal.
ISSN:2045-2322