Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-Censoring

We propose a new random change point model that utilizes routinely recorded individual-level HIV viral load data to estimate the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in people living with HIV. The change point distribution is assumed to follow a zero-inflated exponential distribution fo...

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Main Authors: Hongbin Zhang, McKaylee Robertson, Sarah L. Braunstein, David B. Hanna, Uriel R. Felsen, Levi Waldron, Denis Nash
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Algorithms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/6/346
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author Hongbin Zhang
McKaylee Robertson
Sarah L. Braunstein
David B. Hanna
Uriel R. Felsen
Levi Waldron
Denis Nash
author_facet Hongbin Zhang
McKaylee Robertson
Sarah L. Braunstein
David B. Hanna
Uriel R. Felsen
Levi Waldron
Denis Nash
author_sort Hongbin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description We propose a new random change point model that utilizes routinely recorded individual-level HIV viral load data to estimate the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in people living with HIV. The change point distribution is assumed to follow a zero-inflated exponential distribution for the longitudinal data, which is also subject to left-censoring, and the underlying data-generating mechanism is a nonlinear mixed-effects model. We extend the Stochastic EM (StEM) algorithm by combining a Gibbs sampler with a Metropolis–Hastings sampling. We apply the method to real HIV data to infer the timing of ART initiation since diagnosis. Additionally, we conduct simulation studies to assess the performance of our proposed method.
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spelling doaj-art-ec6605f7eaa04b5a8806ce0e28bef2152025-08-20T03:26:09ZengMDPI AGAlgorithms1999-48932025-06-0118634610.3390/a18060346Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-CensoringHongbin Zhang0McKaylee Robertson1Sarah L. Braunstein2David B. Hanna3Uriel R. Felsen4Levi Waldron5Denis Nash6Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USAInstitute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USABureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USADepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USAInstitute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USAInstitute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USAWe propose a new random change point model that utilizes routinely recorded individual-level HIV viral load data to estimate the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in people living with HIV. The change point distribution is assumed to follow a zero-inflated exponential distribution for the longitudinal data, which is also subject to left-censoring, and the underlying data-generating mechanism is a nonlinear mixed-effects model. We extend the Stochastic EM (StEM) algorithm by combining a Gibbs sampler with a Metropolis–Hastings sampling. We apply the method to real HIV data to infer the timing of ART initiation since diagnosis. Additionally, we conduct simulation studies to assess the performance of our proposed method.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/6/346random change point modelzero-inflated exponential distributionnonlinear mixed-effects modelcensored dataStochastic EMGibbs sampler
spellingShingle Hongbin Zhang
McKaylee Robertson
Sarah L. Braunstein
David B. Hanna
Uriel R. Felsen
Levi Waldron
Denis Nash
Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-Censoring
Algorithms
random change point model
zero-inflated exponential distribution
nonlinear mixed-effects model
censored data
Stochastic EM
Gibbs sampler
title Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-Censoring
title_full Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-Censoring
title_fullStr Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-Censoring
title_full_unstemmed Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-Censoring
title_short Inferring the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy by Zero-Inflated Random Change Point Models Using Longitudinal Data Subject to Left-Censoring
title_sort inferring the timing of antiretroviral therapy by zero inflated random change point models using longitudinal data subject to left censoring
topic random change point model
zero-inflated exponential distribution
nonlinear mixed-effects model
censored data
Stochastic EM
Gibbs sampler
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/6/346
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