Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging Strategies

Efficient and safe charging of lithium-ion batteries is essential for maximizing their lifespan and performance. This paper presents the design and implementation of a microcontroller-based Li-ion battery charger that employs real-time monitoring, adaptive charging strategies, and built-in safety me...

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Main Authors: Laurentiu Marius Baicu, Mihaela Andrei, Bogdan Dumitrascu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Technologies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/5/178
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author Laurentiu Marius Baicu
Mihaela Andrei
Bogdan Dumitrascu
author_facet Laurentiu Marius Baicu
Mihaela Andrei
Bogdan Dumitrascu
author_sort Laurentiu Marius Baicu
collection DOAJ
description Efficient and safe charging of lithium-ion batteries is essential for maximizing their lifespan and performance. This paper presents the design and implementation of a microcontroller-based Li-ion battery charger that employs real-time monitoring, adaptive charging strategies, and built-in safety mechanisms. The system integrates a CC/CV charging approach with automatic current regulation, overcharge protection, and reverse polarity detection. A current sensor module ensures continuous monitoring, while an LCD interface provides real-time feedback on charging parameters. Experimental validation was conducted using multiple Li-ion cells in various conditions, like new, aged, and deeply discharged, to evaluate charging behavior and safety under different scenarios. The system successfully regulated current and voltage, managed preconditioning for low-voltage cells, and transitioned smoothly between charging phases. A key contribution of this work is the development of a low-cost, microcontroller-based platform that enables flexible implementation and testing of diverse charging strategies. Its open-source architecture and modular design make it highly suitable for research, educational use, and experimental development in battery management systems. Future enhancements may include the integration of adaptive algorithms based on internal resistance and temperature, enabling smarter and more efficient charging.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2227-7080
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-ec5f4dc3b9b446049403b9554a09412d2025-08-20T03:48:01ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802025-05-0113517810.3390/technologies13050178Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging StrategiesLaurentiu Marius Baicu0Mihaela Andrei1Bogdan Dumitrascu2Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Automation, Computers Electrical Engineering and Electronics, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Automation, Computers Electrical Engineering and Electronics, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Automation, Computers Electrical Engineering and Electronics, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, RomaniaEfficient and safe charging of lithium-ion batteries is essential for maximizing their lifespan and performance. This paper presents the design and implementation of a microcontroller-based Li-ion battery charger that employs real-time monitoring, adaptive charging strategies, and built-in safety mechanisms. The system integrates a CC/CV charging approach with automatic current regulation, overcharge protection, and reverse polarity detection. A current sensor module ensures continuous monitoring, while an LCD interface provides real-time feedback on charging parameters. Experimental validation was conducted using multiple Li-ion cells in various conditions, like new, aged, and deeply discharged, to evaluate charging behavior and safety under different scenarios. The system successfully regulated current and voltage, managed preconditioning for low-voltage cells, and transitioned smoothly between charging phases. A key contribution of this work is the development of a low-cost, microcontroller-based platform that enables flexible implementation and testing of diverse charging strategies. Its open-source architecture and modular design make it highly suitable for research, educational use, and experimental development in battery management systems. Future enhancements may include the integration of adaptive algorithms based on internal resistance and temperature, enabling smarter and more efficient charging.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/5/178lithium-ion batterybattery chargerArduinocurrent sensorbuck converter
spellingShingle Laurentiu Marius Baicu
Mihaela Andrei
Bogdan Dumitrascu
Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging Strategies
Technologies
lithium-ion battery
battery charger
Arduino
current sensor
buck converter
title Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging Strategies
title_full Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging Strategies
title_fullStr Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging Strategies
title_short Microcontroller-Based Platform for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Experimental Evaluation of Charging Strategies
title_sort microcontroller based platform for lithium ion battery charging and experimental evaluation of charging strategies
topic lithium-ion battery
battery charger
Arduino
current sensor
buck converter
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/5/178
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AT mihaelaandrei microcontrollerbasedplatformforlithiumionbatterychargingandexperimentalevaluationofchargingstrategies
AT bogdandumitrascu microcontrollerbasedplatformforlithiumionbatterychargingandexperimentalevaluationofchargingstrategies