Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods

This study at the Esmeralda Mine, part of the El Teniente Division of CODELCO, investigates optimizing hydraulic fracturing (HF) holes’ spatial distribution to improve rock material production in one of the world's largest copper-molybdenum deposits. Utilizing diverse data sources, including bo...

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Main Authors: Amin Hekmatnejad, Fernando Manscilla, Paulina Schachter, Pengzhi Pan, Ehsan Mohtarami, Alvaro Pena, Abbas Taheri, Benoit Crespin, Francisco Moreno, Roberto Gonzales
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-04-01
Series:Rock Mechanics Bulletin
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773230424000647
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author Amin Hekmatnejad
Fernando Manscilla
Paulina Schachter
Pengzhi Pan
Ehsan Mohtarami
Alvaro Pena
Abbas Taheri
Benoit Crespin
Francisco Moreno
Roberto Gonzales
author_facet Amin Hekmatnejad
Fernando Manscilla
Paulina Schachter
Pengzhi Pan
Ehsan Mohtarami
Alvaro Pena
Abbas Taheri
Benoit Crespin
Francisco Moreno
Roberto Gonzales
author_sort Amin Hekmatnejad
collection DOAJ
description This study at the Esmeralda Mine, part of the El Teniente Division of CODELCO, investigates optimizing hydraulic fracturing (HF) holes’ spatial distribution to improve rock material production in one of the world's largest copper-molybdenum deposits. Utilizing diverse data sources, including borehole, oriented borehole, and photogrammetry data, along with hang-up frequency and hydrofracturing details, we applied discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling to analyze in-situ block size distribution and fragmentation. These results are based on 12,000 realizations of discrete fracture network (DFN) models using R-Dis-Frag computer pacakge at real cave volumes of 200 m × 200 m × 200 m, with varying parameters, which significantly enhances their reliability. The incorporation of DFN modeling and geostatistical simulation allows for capturing the interaction berween several spatial variables and explaining the variations observed in the production results at the draw points. Key findings of spatio-statistical analysis highlight the significance of volumetric fracture intensity (P32) and extraction column height in reducing hang-up events and enhancing fragmentation efficiency. The study integrates HF-induced and natural fracture intensities, revealing that higher P32 values and higher draw columns correlate with fewer hang-ups and better fragmentation. We recommend non-regular HF patterns for high P32 zones to improve operational efficiency. This research provides insights into optimizing mining operations, acknowledging the limitations of HF propagation efficacy and paving the way for further exploration into the interplay between hydraulic fracturing and natural discontinuities.
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spelling doaj-art-ec527ddc0d3e4677bbd939f719e408772025-08-20T02:24:57ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Rock Mechanics Bulletin2773-23042025-04-014210016510.1016/j.rockmb.2024.100165Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methodsAmin Hekmatnejad0Fernando Manscilla1Paulina Schachter2Pengzhi Pan3Ehsan Mohtarami4Alvaro Pena5Abbas Taheri6Benoit Crespin7Francisco Moreno8Roberto Gonzales9Departamento de Ingeniería de Minería, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Corresponding author.School of Mechanics Engineering, University of Talca, Camino Los Niches Km. 1, Curicó, ChileCodelco Chile, El Teniente Division, Rancagua, ChileState Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, ChinaDepartment of civil and geomechanics engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, IranEscuela de Ingeniería de Construcción y Transporte, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaíso, ChileThe Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, Kingston, CanadaUniv. Limoges, XLIM/ASALI, UMR, CNRS 7252, F-87000, Limoges, FranceSchool of Mining Engineering, University of Talca, Camino Los Niches Km. 1, Curicó, ChileCodelco Chile, El Teniente Division, Rancagua, ChileThis study at the Esmeralda Mine, part of the El Teniente Division of CODELCO, investigates optimizing hydraulic fracturing (HF) holes’ spatial distribution to improve rock material production in one of the world's largest copper-molybdenum deposits. Utilizing diverse data sources, including borehole, oriented borehole, and photogrammetry data, along with hang-up frequency and hydrofracturing details, we applied discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling to analyze in-situ block size distribution and fragmentation. These results are based on 12,000 realizations of discrete fracture network (DFN) models using R-Dis-Frag computer pacakge at real cave volumes of 200 m × 200 m × 200 m, with varying parameters, which significantly enhances their reliability. The incorporation of DFN modeling and geostatistical simulation allows for capturing the interaction berween several spatial variables and explaining the variations observed in the production results at the draw points. Key findings of spatio-statistical analysis highlight the significance of volumetric fracture intensity (P32) and extraction column height in reducing hang-up events and enhancing fragmentation efficiency. The study integrates HF-induced and natural fracture intensities, revealing that higher P32 values and higher draw columns correlate with fewer hang-ups and better fragmentation. We recommend non-regular HF patterns for high P32 zones to improve operational efficiency. This research provides insights into optimizing mining operations, acknowledging the limitations of HF propagation efficacy and paving the way for further exploration into the interplay between hydraulic fracturing and natural discontinuities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773230424000647
spellingShingle Amin Hekmatnejad
Fernando Manscilla
Paulina Schachter
Pengzhi Pan
Ehsan Mohtarami
Alvaro Pena
Abbas Taheri
Benoit Crespin
Francisco Moreno
Roberto Gonzales
Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods
Rock Mechanics Bulletin
title Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods
title_full Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods
title_fullStr Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods
title_short Enhancing production rates at El Teniente's black cave mine through optimizing HF hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods
title_sort enhancing production rates at el teniente s black cave mine through optimizing hf hole distribution using discrete fracture network modeling and geostatistical simulation methods
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773230424000647
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