Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance
Abstract Bitumen exhibits viscoelastic properties, showcasing both viscous and elastic behaviors, which are characterized by the phase angle and dynamic modulus. Issues like early fatigue fractures, rutting, and permanent deformations in bituminous asphalt pavements arise due to moisture susceptibil...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79869-z |
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| author | Inamullah Khan Muhammad Bilal Wasim Khaliq Nasir Khan Shabir Hussain Khahro Zubair Ahmed Memon Mohammad Abdul Malik |
| author_facet | Inamullah Khan Muhammad Bilal Wasim Khaliq Nasir Khan Shabir Hussain Khahro Zubair Ahmed Memon Mohammad Abdul Malik |
| author_sort | Inamullah Khan |
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| description | Abstract Bitumen exhibits viscoelastic properties, showcasing both viscous and elastic behaviors, which are characterized by the phase angle and dynamic modulus. Issues like early fatigue fractures, rutting, and permanent deformations in bituminous asphalt pavements arise due to moisture susceptibility, high-temperature deformation, low-temperature cracking, and overloading. These distresses result in potholes, alligator cracks, and specific deformations that lead to early pavement failure, increasing rehabilitation and maintenance costs. To address these issues, this study examines the dynamic modulus and phase angle behavior of Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) modified and unmodified asphalt mixtures. SBS was incorporated in various proportions, ranging from 2 to 7% by the weight of bitumen. The asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT) was utilized to measure the dynamic modulus at temperatures of 4.4, 21.1, 37.8, and 54.4 °C, and frequencies of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 25 Hz. The study found significant correlations between dynamic modulus, temperature, loading frequency, and SBS content. Additionally, Multi Expression Programming (MEPX) and regression modeling were employed to estimate the dynamic modulus of SBS-modified HMA. Results indicated that increasing SBS content up to 7% decreased penetration and ductility values by up to 46% and 56%, respectively, while raising the softening point by 63% due to increased stiffness. The blend with 6% SBS by weight of bitumen exhibited superior performance compared to other mixtures. Phase angle initially increased with rising temperature, peaking at 37.8 °C at lower frequencies, and continued to increase at higher frequencies. Isothermal and isochronal plots showed that the 0% SBS mix had a higher phase angle due to increased bitumen content. Overall, the HMA mix with 6% SBS provided the best outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ec3d9b03c2874b96a1ba7f22b9bd5ff3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ec3d9b03c2874b96a1ba7f22b9bd5ff32025-08-20T02:08:19ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114112610.1038/s41598-024-79869-zEvaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performanceInamullah Khan0Muhammad Bilal1Wasim Khaliq2Nasir Khan3Shabir Hussain Khahro4Zubair Ahmed Memon5Mohammad Abdul Malik6National Institute of Transportation (NIT), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)National Institute of Transportation (NIT), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)National Institute of Transportation (NIT), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP)College of Engineering, Prince Sultan UniversityCollege of Engineering, Prince Sultan UniversityCollege of Engineering, Prince Sultan UniversityAbstract Bitumen exhibits viscoelastic properties, showcasing both viscous and elastic behaviors, which are characterized by the phase angle and dynamic modulus. Issues like early fatigue fractures, rutting, and permanent deformations in bituminous asphalt pavements arise due to moisture susceptibility, high-temperature deformation, low-temperature cracking, and overloading. These distresses result in potholes, alligator cracks, and specific deformations that lead to early pavement failure, increasing rehabilitation and maintenance costs. To address these issues, this study examines the dynamic modulus and phase angle behavior of Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) modified and unmodified asphalt mixtures. SBS was incorporated in various proportions, ranging from 2 to 7% by the weight of bitumen. The asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT) was utilized to measure the dynamic modulus at temperatures of 4.4, 21.1, 37.8, and 54.4 °C, and frequencies of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 25 Hz. The study found significant correlations between dynamic modulus, temperature, loading frequency, and SBS content. Additionally, Multi Expression Programming (MEPX) and regression modeling were employed to estimate the dynamic modulus of SBS-modified HMA. Results indicated that increasing SBS content up to 7% decreased penetration and ductility values by up to 46% and 56%, respectively, while raising the softening point by 63% due to increased stiffness. The blend with 6% SBS by weight of bitumen exhibited superior performance compared to other mixtures. Phase angle initially increased with rising temperature, peaking at 37.8 °C at lower frequencies, and continued to increase at higher frequencies. Isothermal and isochronal plots showed that the 0% SBS mix had a higher phase angle due to increased bitumen content. Overall, the HMA mix with 6% SBS provided the best outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79869-zStyrene butadiene styrene (SBS)Dynamic modulusPhase angleMulti expression programmingSensitivity analysis |
| spellingShingle | Inamullah Khan Muhammad Bilal Wasim Khaliq Nasir Khan Shabir Hussain Khahro Zubair Ahmed Memon Mohammad Abdul Malik Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance Scientific Reports Styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) Dynamic modulus Phase angle Multi expression programming Sensitivity analysis |
| title | Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance |
| title_full | Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance |
| title_short | Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance |
| title_sort | evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of sbs modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance |
| topic | Styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) Dynamic modulus Phase angle Multi expression programming Sensitivity analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79869-z |
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