Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance

Abiotic stressors such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals threaten crop yield and global food security. Plants respond to these environmental challenges through intricate molecular and physiological processes that regulate stress perception, cellular signalling pathways, an...

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Main Authors: Waseem Mushtaq, Jinxin Li, Binbin Liao, Yuhuan Miao, Dahui Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Plant Stress
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25002180
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author Waseem Mushtaq
Jinxin Li
Binbin Liao
Yuhuan Miao
Dahui Liu
author_facet Waseem Mushtaq
Jinxin Li
Binbin Liao
Yuhuan Miao
Dahui Liu
author_sort Waseem Mushtaq
collection DOAJ
description Abiotic stressors such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals threaten crop yield and global food security. Plants respond to these environmental challenges through intricate molecular and physiological processes that regulate stress perception, cellular signalling pathways, and gene expression. Identifying and understanding the roles of key regulatory elements, including transcription factors (TFs) such as NAC, MYB, WRKY, DREB, and microRNAs (miRNAs), has provided new opportunities to boost stress resilience in plants. The combination of advanced sequencing technologies and computational biology has further accelerated the identification of genes responsive to stress and their associated regulatory systems. Among the most promising approaches, the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology has transformed plant biotechnology by enabling precise, targeted modifications to stress-related genes. Additionally, RNA interference (RNAi) and gene overexpression strategies have been successfully employed to suppress negative regulators and enhance the expression of beneficial genes, respectively. Furthermore, mutant library construction through chemical mutagenesis (e.g., ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutations) and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has contributed to the identification of novel genes involved in stress responses. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in translating laboratory findings into field applications due to complex gene-environment interactions and regulatory hurdles. However, the integration of genome editing with conventional breeding, omics technologies, and synthetic biology offers promising avenues for developing climate-resilient crops. This review explores recent breakthroughs in plant biotechnology for abiotic stress tolerance, highlighting the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 and other molecular tools in addressing the increasing demand for food production under changing climatic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-ec2eba52b40347d8a18b9e303d93242e2025-08-23T04:49:36ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2025-09-011710095010.1016/j.stress.2025.100950Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress toleranceWaseem Mushtaq0Jinxin Li1Binbin Liao2Yuhuan Miao3Dahui Liu4Corresponding authors.; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaCorresponding authors.; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaCorresponding authors.; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, ChinaAbiotic stressors such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals threaten crop yield and global food security. Plants respond to these environmental challenges through intricate molecular and physiological processes that regulate stress perception, cellular signalling pathways, and gene expression. Identifying and understanding the roles of key regulatory elements, including transcription factors (TFs) such as NAC, MYB, WRKY, DREB, and microRNAs (miRNAs), has provided new opportunities to boost stress resilience in plants. The combination of advanced sequencing technologies and computational biology has further accelerated the identification of genes responsive to stress and their associated regulatory systems. Among the most promising approaches, the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology has transformed plant biotechnology by enabling precise, targeted modifications to stress-related genes. Additionally, RNA interference (RNAi) and gene overexpression strategies have been successfully employed to suppress negative regulators and enhance the expression of beneficial genes, respectively. Furthermore, mutant library construction through chemical mutagenesis (e.g., ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutations) and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has contributed to the identification of novel genes involved in stress responses. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in translating laboratory findings into field applications due to complex gene-environment interactions and regulatory hurdles. However, the integration of genome editing with conventional breeding, omics technologies, and synthetic biology offers promising avenues for developing climate-resilient crops. This review explores recent breakthroughs in plant biotechnology for abiotic stress tolerance, highlighting the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 and other molecular tools in addressing the increasing demand for food production under changing climatic conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25002180Abiotic stressCRISPREMS-induced mutationsmiRNAsTranscription factors
spellingShingle Waseem Mushtaq
Jinxin Li
Binbin Liao
Yuhuan Miao
Dahui Liu
Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance
Plant Stress
Abiotic stress
CRISPR
EMS-induced mutations
miRNAs
Transcription factors
title Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance
title_full Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance
title_fullStr Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance
title_full_unstemmed Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance
title_short Unlocking crop resilience: How molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance
title_sort unlocking crop resilience how molecular tools enhance abiotic stress tolerance
topic Abiotic stress
CRISPR
EMS-induced mutations
miRNAs
Transcription factors
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25002180
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