Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic review

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of B-complex vitamin deficiencies in Brazilian women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and lactating women. Methods This systematic review analyzed cross-sectional and cohort studies published up to August 2023 and indexed in MEDLINE,...

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Main Authors: Tatiane Salgado Galvão de Macedo, Michel Carlos Mocellin, Simone Augusta Ribas, Michelle Teixeira Teixeira, Alessandra da Silva Pereira, Gabriel Montalvão Palermo, Cintia Chaves Curioni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Systematic Reviews
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02861-9
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author Tatiane Salgado Galvão de Macedo
Michel Carlos Mocellin
Simone Augusta Ribas
Michelle Teixeira Teixeira
Alessandra da Silva Pereira
Gabriel Montalvão Palermo
Cintia Chaves Curioni
author_facet Tatiane Salgado Galvão de Macedo
Michel Carlos Mocellin
Simone Augusta Ribas
Michelle Teixeira Teixeira
Alessandra da Silva Pereira
Gabriel Montalvão Palermo
Cintia Chaves Curioni
author_sort Tatiane Salgado Galvão de Macedo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of B-complex vitamin deficiencies in Brazilian women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and lactating women. Methods This systematic review analyzed cross-sectional and cohort studies published up to August 2023 and indexed in MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. Additional data were obtained by contacting researchers from Brazilian public universities. Studies assessing deficiency rates using biochemical markers were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results Of the 3772 records identified, 13 studies were included. Only folate (n = 13), B12 (n = 11), and B6 (n = 1) deficiencies were investigated, and all studies were cross-sectional. B12 deficiency prevalence varied widely, reaching up to 29.4%. Folate deficiencies were generally low, with only one study reporting a rate as high as 37%. Other B-complex vitamins were insufficiently studied. Most studies had methodological limitations, particularly small sample sizes. The significant heterogeneity across studies limited the feasibility of a pooled quantitative meta-analysis. Conclusion There is a clear need for more robust studies across all Brazilian regions to improve understanding of vitamin deficiency rates and to support effective nutritional interventions. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020188474
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spelling doaj-art-ec2539d7aedb409482d44fc78fea3b062025-08-20T03:10:12ZengBMCSystematic Reviews2046-40532025-05-0114111310.1186/s13643-025-02861-9Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic reviewTatiane Salgado Galvão de Macedo0Michel Carlos Mocellin1Simone Augusta Ribas2Michelle Teixeira Teixeira3Alessandra da Silva Pereira4Gabriel Montalvão Palermo5Cintia Chaves Curioni6Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de JaneiroDepartment of Fundamental Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State Do Rio de JaneiroDepartment of Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State Do Rio de JaneiroDepartment of Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State Do Rio de JaneiroDepartment of Fundamental Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State Do Rio de JaneiroNutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroDepartment of Social Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de JaneiroAbstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of B-complex vitamin deficiencies in Brazilian women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and lactating women. Methods This systematic review analyzed cross-sectional and cohort studies published up to August 2023 and indexed in MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. Additional data were obtained by contacting researchers from Brazilian public universities. Studies assessing deficiency rates using biochemical markers were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results Of the 3772 records identified, 13 studies were included. Only folate (n = 13), B12 (n = 11), and B6 (n = 1) deficiencies were investigated, and all studies were cross-sectional. B12 deficiency prevalence varied widely, reaching up to 29.4%. Folate deficiencies were generally low, with only one study reporting a rate as high as 37%. Other B-complex vitamins were insufficiently studied. Most studies had methodological limitations, particularly small sample sizes. The significant heterogeneity across studies limited the feasibility of a pooled quantitative meta-analysis. Conclusion There is a clear need for more robust studies across all Brazilian regions to improve understanding of vitamin deficiency rates and to support effective nutritional interventions. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020188474https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02861-9WomenVitamin B complexVitamin B deficiencyDeficiency diseasesBrazil
spellingShingle Tatiane Salgado Galvão de Macedo
Michel Carlos Mocellin
Simone Augusta Ribas
Michelle Teixeira Teixeira
Alessandra da Silva Pereira
Gabriel Montalvão Palermo
Cintia Chaves Curioni
Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic review
Systematic Reviews
Women
Vitamin B complex
Vitamin B deficiency
Deficiency diseases
Brazil
title Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic review
title_full Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic review
title_fullStr Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic review
title_short Deficiency of B vitamins in women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women in Brazil: a systematic review
title_sort deficiency of b vitamins in women of childbearing age pregnant and lactating women in brazil a systematic review
topic Women
Vitamin B complex
Vitamin B deficiency
Deficiency diseases
Brazil
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02861-9
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