The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions
The demand for establishing an effective but inexpensive method to interfere with the spread of infectious diseases has been higher than ever before, since the recent pandemic. As a follow-up study, we tested a few practically applicable lights with a safe 410nm violet light (V) with infrared (IR, 8...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1624160/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849705789773578240 |
|---|---|
| author | Matthew Stangl Matthew Stangl Dinesh Kumar Verma Dinesh Kumar Verma Areli Martinez Yong-Hwan Kim Yong-Hwan Kim |
| author_facet | Matthew Stangl Matthew Stangl Dinesh Kumar Verma Dinesh Kumar Verma Areli Martinez Yong-Hwan Kim Yong-Hwan Kim |
| author_sort | Matthew Stangl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The demand for establishing an effective but inexpensive method to interfere with the spread of infectious diseases has been higher than ever before, since the recent pandemic. As a follow-up study, we tested a few practically applicable lights with a safe 410nm violet light (V) with infrared (IR, 850nm) under realistic conditions to identify an optimal light for suppressing pathogens. Our results indicate that 410nm violet light is as effective as the previously tested 405nm violet light with infrared (850nm). Therefore, we focused on optimizing combined lights (3V-1IR or 2.33V-1IR) with lower power level that is below 24 Watt. Using the Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from ATCC, we confirmed that the combined 20W light effectively suppressed the survival of both MDR bacterial strains on a smooth surface at the distance of 25cm, 50cm, 1m or 2m, which mimicked the realistic living spaces. As expected, the effectiveness was inversely proportional to the exposed distance. For example, the light exposure suppressed more than 91-97% of E. coli within 1–2 hours and 96-99% of S. aureus within 2–6 hours at short distances (25 or 50cm), whereas it took 6–8 hours to reach 92-95% of E. coli and 91-99% of S. aureus suppression at 1 or 2m. In the mechanistic studies, we confirmed that the bacterial death was mediated by the enhanced level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), in addition to reduced thickness of biofilm from 410nm and 850nm infrared light. Our results strongly support the possible application of using this combined 410nm with infrared light as an inexpensive and practical solution to reduce the potential pathogens, at least from bacterial origins in a variety of living spaces. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ec236cf9480f4e9382d805bf6f6aa0d7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ec236cf9480f4e9382d805bf6f6aa0d72025-08-20T03:16:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-08-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.16241601624160The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditionsMatthew Stangl0Matthew Stangl1Dinesh Kumar Verma2Dinesh Kumar Verma3Areli Martinez4Yong-Hwan Kim5Yong-Hwan Kim6Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United StatesNeuroscience Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United StatesNeuroscience Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United StatesThe demand for establishing an effective but inexpensive method to interfere with the spread of infectious diseases has been higher than ever before, since the recent pandemic. As a follow-up study, we tested a few practically applicable lights with a safe 410nm violet light (V) with infrared (IR, 850nm) under realistic conditions to identify an optimal light for suppressing pathogens. Our results indicate that 410nm violet light is as effective as the previously tested 405nm violet light with infrared (850nm). Therefore, we focused on optimizing combined lights (3V-1IR or 2.33V-1IR) with lower power level that is below 24 Watt. Using the Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from ATCC, we confirmed that the combined 20W light effectively suppressed the survival of both MDR bacterial strains on a smooth surface at the distance of 25cm, 50cm, 1m or 2m, which mimicked the realistic living spaces. As expected, the effectiveness was inversely proportional to the exposed distance. For example, the light exposure suppressed more than 91-97% of E. coli within 1–2 hours and 96-99% of S. aureus within 2–6 hours at short distances (25 or 50cm), whereas it took 6–8 hours to reach 92-95% of E. coli and 91-99% of S. aureus suppression at 1 or 2m. In the mechanistic studies, we confirmed that the bacterial death was mediated by the enhanced level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), in addition to reduced thickness of biofilm from 410nm and 850nm infrared light. Our results strongly support the possible application of using this combined 410nm with infrared light as an inexpensive and practical solution to reduce the potential pathogens, at least from bacterial origins in a variety of living spaces.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1624160/fullliving space850nmROS inductionreduced biofilmMDR bacteriaE. coli |
| spellingShingle | Matthew Stangl Matthew Stangl Dinesh Kumar Verma Dinesh Kumar Verma Areli Martinez Yong-Hwan Kim Yong-Hwan Kim The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology living space 850nm ROS induction reduced biofilm MDR bacteria E. coli |
| title | The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions |
| title_full | The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions |
| title_fullStr | The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions |
| title_short | The combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions |
| title_sort | combined 410nm and infrared light effectively suppresses bacterial survival under realistic conditions |
| topic | living space 850nm ROS induction reduced biofilm MDR bacteria E. coli |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1624160/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matthewstangl thecombined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT matthewstangl thecombined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT dineshkumarverma thecombined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT dineshkumarverma thecombined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT arelimartinez thecombined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT yonghwankim thecombined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT yonghwankim thecombined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT matthewstangl combined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT matthewstangl combined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT dineshkumarverma combined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT dineshkumarverma combined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT arelimartinez combined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT yonghwankim combined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions AT yonghwankim combined410nmandinfraredlighteffectivelysuppressesbacterialsurvivalunderrealisticconditions |