Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic Effects

Objectives. The study aimed to explore the cognitive, behavioral, and potential epigenetic effects of martial arts-based interventions in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods. A narrative review was conducted, synthesizing findings from eleven peer...

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Main Authors: Carola Costanza, Francesco Paolo Colecchia, Rita Polito, Marcellino Monda, Marco Carotenuto, Giovanni Messina, Antonietta Monda, Nicola Mancini, Fiorenzo Moscatelli, Giuditta Bargiacchi, Maria Ruberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: OVS LLC 2025-05-01
Series:Physical Education Theory and Methodology
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Online Access:https://www.tmfv.com.ua/journal/article/view/3360
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author Carola Costanza
Francesco Paolo Colecchia
Rita Polito
Marcellino Monda
Marco Carotenuto
Giovanni Messina
Antonietta Monda
Nicola Mancini
Fiorenzo Moscatelli
Giuditta Bargiacchi
Maria Ruberto
author_facet Carola Costanza
Francesco Paolo Colecchia
Rita Polito
Marcellino Monda
Marco Carotenuto
Giovanni Messina
Antonietta Monda
Nicola Mancini
Fiorenzo Moscatelli
Giuditta Bargiacchi
Maria Ruberto
author_sort Carola Costanza
collection DOAJ
description Objectives. The study aimed to explore the cognitive, behavioral, and potential epigenetic effects of martial arts-based interventions in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods. A narrative review was conducted, synthesizing findings from eleven peer-reviewed studies examining martial arts practices — such as taekwondo, judo, karate, kung fu, qigong, and tai chi — in populations diagnosed with ADHD. The focus was placed on executive functions, emotional regulation, and neurobiological mechanisms. Additional literature on physical activity and epigenetic regulation was reviewed to contextualize emerging biological hypotheses. Results. The findings indicate that martial arts interventions were associated with improvements in attention, working memory, and inhibitory control, particularly in structured disciplines such as judo and taekwondo. Some studies have also reported emotional and behavioral benefits, including reduced impulsivity and improved self-regulation. Although direct epigenetic evidence is lacking, indirect data suggest that physical activity may influence gene expression via mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Conclusions. Martial arts may support cognitive and behavioral development in individuals with ADHD. Their structured, multimodal nature positions these training practices as promising tools to promote attention and executive functioning. Further research is encouraged to include longitudinal epigenetic profiling to clarify underlying biological mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-ec2123697c5f4b3fbc56a49e983f249c2025-08-20T03:21:47ZengOVS LLCPhysical Education Theory and Methodology1993-79891993-79972025-05-0125310.17309/tmfv.2025.3.26Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic EffectsCarola Costanza0Francesco Paolo Colecchia1Rita Polito2Marcellino Monda3Marco Carotenuto4Giovanni Messina5Antonietta Monda6Nicola Mancini7Fiorenzo Moscatelli8Giuditta Bargiacchi9Maria Ruberto10University of PalermoUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Pegaso Telematic UniversityUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"San Raffaele Telematic UniversityPegaso Telematic UniversityPegaso Telematic UniversityUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Pegaso Telematic UniversityObjectives. The study aimed to explore the cognitive, behavioral, and potential epigenetic effects of martial arts-based interventions in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods. A narrative review was conducted, synthesizing findings from eleven peer-reviewed studies examining martial arts practices — such as taekwondo, judo, karate, kung fu, qigong, and tai chi — in populations diagnosed with ADHD. The focus was placed on executive functions, emotional regulation, and neurobiological mechanisms. Additional literature on physical activity and epigenetic regulation was reviewed to contextualize emerging biological hypotheses. Results. The findings indicate that martial arts interventions were associated with improvements in attention, working memory, and inhibitory control, particularly in structured disciplines such as judo and taekwondo. Some studies have also reported emotional and behavioral benefits, including reduced impulsivity and improved self-regulation. Although direct epigenetic evidence is lacking, indirect data suggest that physical activity may influence gene expression via mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Conclusions. Martial arts may support cognitive and behavioral development in individuals with ADHD. Their structured, multimodal nature positions these training practices as promising tools to promote attention and executive functioning. Further research is encouraged to include longitudinal epigenetic profiling to clarify underlying biological mechanisms. https://www.tmfv.com.ua/journal/article/view/3360ADHDmartial artsexecutive functionbehavioral regulationepigenetics
spellingShingle Carola Costanza
Francesco Paolo Colecchia
Rita Polito
Marcellino Monda
Marco Carotenuto
Giovanni Messina
Antonietta Monda
Nicola Mancini
Fiorenzo Moscatelli
Giuditta Bargiacchi
Maria Ruberto
Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic Effects
Physical Education Theory and Methodology
ADHD
martial arts
executive function
behavioral regulation
epigenetics
title Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic Effects
title_full Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic Effects
title_fullStr Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic Effects
title_full_unstemmed Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic Effects
title_short Martial Arts and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Epigenetic Effects
title_sort martial arts and adhd a narrative review of cognitive behavioral and epigenetic effects
topic ADHD
martial arts
executive function
behavioral regulation
epigenetics
url https://www.tmfv.com.ua/journal/article/view/3360
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