Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine

Background/Objectives: The aim was to study the possibilities of biomedical application of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs) synthesized under industrial conditions, and evaluate their physicochemical properties, redox activity, biological activ...

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Main Authors: Ekaterina V. Silina, Natalia E. Manturova, Elena L. Chuvilina, Akhmedali A. Gasanov, Olga I. Andreeva, Maksim A. Pugachevskii, Aleksey V. Kochura, Alexey A. Kryukov, Yulia G. Suzdaltseva, Victor A. Stupin
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/12/1627
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author Ekaterina V. Silina
Natalia E. Manturova
Elena L. Chuvilina
Akhmedali A. Gasanov
Olga I. Andreeva
Maksim A. Pugachevskii
Aleksey V. Kochura
Alexey A. Kryukov
Yulia G. Suzdaltseva
Victor A. Stupin
author_facet Ekaterina V. Silina
Natalia E. Manturova
Elena L. Chuvilina
Akhmedali A. Gasanov
Olga I. Andreeva
Maksim A. Pugachevskii
Aleksey V. Kochura
Alexey A. Kryukov
Yulia G. Suzdaltseva
Victor A. Stupin
author_sort Ekaterina V. Silina
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: The aim was to study the possibilities of biomedical application of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs) synthesized under industrial conditions, and evaluate their physicochemical properties, redox activity, biological activity, and safety using different human cell lines. Methods: The powder of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs was obtained by a process of thermal decomposition of gadolinium carbonate precipitated from nitrate solution, and was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The redox activity of different concentrations of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs was studied by the optical spectroscopy (OS) method in the photochemical degradation process of methylene blue dye upon irradiation with an optical source. Biological activity was studied on different human cell lines (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)) with evaluation of the effect of a wide range of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NP concentrations on metabolic and proliferative cellular activity (MTT test, direct cell counting, dead cell assessment, and visual assessment of cytoarchitectonics). The test of migration activity assessment on a model wound was performed on MSC culture. Results: According to TEM data, the size of the NPs was in the range of 2–43 nm, with an average of 20 nm. XRD analysis revealed that the f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles had a cubic structure (C-form) of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>a</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with lattice parameter a = 10.79(9) Å. Raman spectroscopy showed that the f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles had a high degree of crystallinity. By investigating the photooxidative degradation of methylene blue dye in the presence of f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs under red light irradiation, it was found that f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles showed weak antioxidant activity, which depended on the particle content in the solution. At a concentration of 10<sup>−3</sup> M, the highest antioxidant activity of f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles was observed when the reaction rate constant of dye photodegradation decreased by 5.5% to 9.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. When the concentration of f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs in solution was increased to 10<sup>−2</sup> M upon irradiation with a red light source, their antioxidant activity changed to pro-oxidant activity, accompanied by a 15% increase in the reaction rate of methylene blue degradation. Studies on cell lines showed a high level of safety and regenerative potential of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs, which stimulated fibroblast metabolism at a concentration of 10<sup>−3</sup> M (27% enhancement), stimulated keratinocyte metabolism at concentrations of 10<sup>−3</sup> M–10<sup>−5</sup> M, and enhanced keratinocyte proliferation by an average of 35% at concentrations of 10<sup>−4</sup> M. Furthermore, it accelerated the migration of MSCs, enhancing their proliferation, and promoting the healing of the model wound. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrated the safety and regenerative potential of redox-active Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs towards different cell lines. This may be the basis for further research to develop nanomaterials based on Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs for skin wound healing and in regenerative medicine generally.
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spelling doaj-art-ec1fcab9bee543b4b5658d4d9df375ab2025-08-20T02:43:42ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-12-011612162710.3390/pharmaceutics16121627Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative MedicineEkaterina V. Silina0Natalia E. Manturova1Elena L. Chuvilina2Akhmedali A. Gasanov3Olga I. Andreeva4Maksim A. Pugachevskii5Aleksey V. Kochura6Alexey A. Kryukov7Yulia G. Suzdaltseva8Victor A. Stupin9Institute of Digital Biodesign and Modeling of Living Systems, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Hospital Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Cell Technology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), 117997 Moscow, Russia“LANHIT” LLC, 105118 Moscow, Russia“LANHIT” LLC, 105118 Moscow, Russia“LANHIT” LLC, 105118 Moscow, RussiaRegional Nanotechnology Center, Southwest State University, 50 let Oktyabrya Str., 94, 305040 Kursk, RussiaRegional Nanotechnology Center, Southwest State University, 50 let Oktyabrya Str., 94, 305040 Kursk, RussiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Kursk State Medical University, Karl Marx Str., 3, 305041 Kursk, RussiaVavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin Str., 3, 119333 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Hospital Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Cell Technology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), 117997 Moscow, RussiaBackground/Objectives: The aim was to study the possibilities of biomedical application of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs) synthesized under industrial conditions, and evaluate their physicochemical properties, redox activity, biological activity, and safety using different human cell lines. Methods: The powder of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs was obtained by a process of thermal decomposition of gadolinium carbonate precipitated from nitrate solution, and was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The redox activity of different concentrations of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs was studied by the optical spectroscopy (OS) method in the photochemical degradation process of methylene blue dye upon irradiation with an optical source. Biological activity was studied on different human cell lines (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)) with evaluation of the effect of a wide range of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NP concentrations on metabolic and proliferative cellular activity (MTT test, direct cell counting, dead cell assessment, and visual assessment of cytoarchitectonics). The test of migration activity assessment on a model wound was performed on MSC culture. Results: According to TEM data, the size of the NPs was in the range of 2–43 nm, with an average of 20 nm. XRD analysis revealed that the f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles had a cubic structure (C-form) of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>a</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with lattice parameter a = 10.79(9) Å. Raman spectroscopy showed that the f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles had a high degree of crystallinity. By investigating the photooxidative degradation of methylene blue dye in the presence of f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs under red light irradiation, it was found that f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles showed weak antioxidant activity, which depended on the particle content in the solution. At a concentration of 10<sup>−3</sup> M, the highest antioxidant activity of f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles was observed when the reaction rate constant of dye photodegradation decreased by 5.5% to 9.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. When the concentration of f Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs in solution was increased to 10<sup>−2</sup> M upon irradiation with a red light source, their antioxidant activity changed to pro-oxidant activity, accompanied by a 15% increase in the reaction rate of methylene blue degradation. Studies on cell lines showed a high level of safety and regenerative potential of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs, which stimulated fibroblast metabolism at a concentration of 10<sup>−3</sup> M (27% enhancement), stimulated keratinocyte metabolism at concentrations of 10<sup>−3</sup> M–10<sup>−5</sup> M, and enhanced keratinocyte proliferation by an average of 35% at concentrations of 10<sup>−4</sup> M. Furthermore, it accelerated the migration of MSCs, enhancing their proliferation, and promoting the healing of the model wound. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrated the safety and regenerative potential of redox-active Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs towards different cell lines. This may be the basis for further research to develop nanomaterials based on Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs for skin wound healing and in regenerative medicine generally.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/12/1627nanoparticlesgadolinium oxidenanomaterialsnanogadoliniumregenerationbiomedicine
spellingShingle Ekaterina V. Silina
Natalia E. Manturova
Elena L. Chuvilina
Akhmedali A. Gasanov
Olga I. Andreeva
Maksim A. Pugachevskii
Aleksey V. Kochura
Alexey A. Kryukov
Yulia G. Suzdaltseva
Victor A. Stupin
Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine
Pharmaceutics
nanoparticles
gadolinium oxide
nanomaterials
nanogadolinium
regeneration
biomedicine
title Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine
title_full Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine
title_fullStr Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine
title_full_unstemmed Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine
title_short Biomedical Application Prospects of Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine
title_sort biomedical application prospects of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for regenerative medicine
topic nanoparticles
gadolinium oxide
nanomaterials
nanogadolinium
regeneration
biomedicine
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/12/1627
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