Prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographics

Abstract In Bangladesh, chewing betel nut has become culturally and socially approved, becoming a mounting public health concern. This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of betel nut chewing, identify the sociodemographic correlates in urban and rural settings, and identify any vulnerabl...

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Main Authors: Abrar Wahab, Koustuv Dalal, Minhazul Abedin, Shagoofa Rakhshanda, Farah Naz Rahman, A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman, Aminur Rahman, Saidur Rahman Mashreky
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01460-x
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author Abrar Wahab
Koustuv Dalal
Minhazul Abedin
Shagoofa Rakhshanda
Farah Naz Rahman
A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman
Aminur Rahman
Saidur Rahman Mashreky
author_facet Abrar Wahab
Koustuv Dalal
Minhazul Abedin
Shagoofa Rakhshanda
Farah Naz Rahman
A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman
Aminur Rahman
Saidur Rahman Mashreky
author_sort Abrar Wahab
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In Bangladesh, chewing betel nut has become culturally and socially approved, becoming a mounting public health concern. This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of betel nut chewing, identify the sociodemographic correlates in urban and rural settings, and identify any vulnerable group for future policy-making to address this problem. This is a retrospective study of secondary data analysis based on the data of the Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2016. The outcome variable of interest was the self-reported practice of chewing betel nuts. Only ≥ 18 years old participants were considered. In the logistic regression model, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the correlates of each independent variable. The multivariable model’s explanatory variables were all tested to ensure no multi-collinearity in the final model. The prevalence of betel nut chewing was 31.4% among the study population. Multivariate analysis showed that participants aged 65 years and above were 10 times more likely to be betel nut users (AOR 10.17; 95% CI 9.58–10.79), while rural populations were 1.24 times more likely to use betel nut (AOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.21–1.27). Given the significant public health burden, targeted interventions are warranted to mitigate its impact. The findings indicate that betel nut chewing is highly prevalent, particularly among older, illiterate, and rural populations, demonstrating stark social and geographic inequalities. However, as the data were collected in 2016, the current socio-political and economic changes in Bangladesh may have influenced this trend, limiting the direct applicability of the findings to the present context.
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spelling doaj-art-ec1e55eb7bde40a4ad714ce6cd5cecfc2025-08-20T03:04:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511710.1038/s41598-025-01460-xPrevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographicsAbrar Wahab0Koustuv Dalal1Minhazul Abedin2Shagoofa Rakhshanda3Farah Naz Rahman4A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman5Aminur Rahman6Saidur Rahman Mashreky7Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB)Division of Public Health Science, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden UniversityDepartment of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical CenterCentre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB)International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B)Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB)Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB)Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB)Abstract In Bangladesh, chewing betel nut has become culturally and socially approved, becoming a mounting public health concern. This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of betel nut chewing, identify the sociodemographic correlates in urban and rural settings, and identify any vulnerable group for future policy-making to address this problem. This is a retrospective study of secondary data analysis based on the data of the Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2016. The outcome variable of interest was the self-reported practice of chewing betel nuts. Only ≥ 18 years old participants were considered. In the logistic regression model, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the correlates of each independent variable. The multivariable model’s explanatory variables were all tested to ensure no multi-collinearity in the final model. The prevalence of betel nut chewing was 31.4% among the study population. Multivariate analysis showed that participants aged 65 years and above were 10 times more likely to be betel nut users (AOR 10.17; 95% CI 9.58–10.79), while rural populations were 1.24 times more likely to use betel nut (AOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.21–1.27). Given the significant public health burden, targeted interventions are warranted to mitigate its impact. The findings indicate that betel nut chewing is highly prevalent, particularly among older, illiterate, and rural populations, demonstrating stark social and geographic inequalities. However, as the data were collected in 2016, the current socio-political and economic changes in Bangladesh may have influenced this trend, limiting the direct applicability of the findings to the present context.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01460-xAddictionBetel nutPrevalenceCorrelatesSocio-demographics
spellingShingle Abrar Wahab
Koustuv Dalal
Minhazul Abedin
Shagoofa Rakhshanda
Farah Naz Rahman
A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman
Aminur Rahman
Saidur Rahman Mashreky
Prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographics
Scientific Reports
Addiction
Betel nut
Prevalence
Correlates
Socio-demographics
title Prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographics
title_full Prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographics
title_fullStr Prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographics
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographics
title_short Prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the Bangladeshi socio-demographics
title_sort prevalence of betel nut chewing and its pattern of distribution across the bangladeshi socio demographics
topic Addiction
Betel nut
Prevalence
Correlates
Socio-demographics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01460-x
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