Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)

Urban flora is a more and more interesting research subject, in light of the ongoing environmental change and biological homogenisation, since urban contexts are much more diversified that natural ones and, therefore, they offer much more colonisation possibilities to allochthonous species or unexpe...

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Main Authors: Alessandro Alessandrini, Michele Adorni, Fabrizio Buldrini, Sergio Montanari, Villiam Morelli, Mauro Pellizzari, Maurizio Sirotti, Giovanna Bosi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/3/450
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author Alessandro Alessandrini
Michele Adorni
Fabrizio Buldrini
Sergio Montanari
Villiam Morelli
Mauro Pellizzari
Maurizio Sirotti
Giovanna Bosi
author_facet Alessandro Alessandrini
Michele Adorni
Fabrizio Buldrini
Sergio Montanari
Villiam Morelli
Mauro Pellizzari
Maurizio Sirotti
Giovanna Bosi
author_sort Alessandro Alessandrini
collection DOAJ
description Urban flora is a more and more interesting research subject, in light of the ongoing environmental change and biological homogenisation, since urban contexts are much more diversified that natural ones and, therefore, they offer much more colonisation possibilities to allochthonous species or unexpected refuges for endangered species. We have, therefore, added our own contribution by analysing the spontaneous vascular flora of 7 cities of the Emilia-Romagna Po Plain (northern Italy), one of the more culturally and economically developed areas in Europe. The global floristic list was 1305 species, spanning from 432 to 756 species in each individual city; 219 of them were constantly present in all cities examined. A notable richness in phytosociological classes (43 out of 75 known for the entire national territory) was observed. Therophytes were 35.4% of the spectrum, followed by hemicryptophytes, phanerophytes and geophytes. Eurasian and Mediterranean species dominated (average values 30 and 27%, respectively); exotic species were 26.8%, in line with the strong floristic pollution of Emilia-Romagna, with neophytes always prevailing over archaeophytes. Among neophytes, 44.8% came from the Americas and 26.2% from Asia. Some hydro-hygrophilous and halophilous species were found, owing to the presence of watercourses crossing the urban areas and coastal wetlands bordering one of the towns. The species new for the flora of Italy or Emilia-Romagna were 32, of which 24 were allochthonous. The species protected at a regional or national level were hardly present, which is normal in artificial environments. Despite the inevitable differences in exploration intensity and effort, this synthesis offers a picture of the contribution given by anthropogenic habitats to the global biological richness of the territory.
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spelling doaj-art-ec14dd63242c45dead46cf3262c01ae72025-08-20T02:12:29ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-02-0114345010.3390/plants14030450Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)Alessandro Alessandrini0Michele Adorni1Fabrizio Buldrini2Sergio Montanari3Villiam Morelli4Mauro Pellizzari5Maurizio Sirotti6Giovanna Bosi7Independent Researcher, 40018 San Pietro in Casale, ItalyOrto Botanico—Sistema Museale di Ateneo, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43121 Parma, ItalySistema dei Musei e Orto Botanico, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, ItalySocietà per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna APS, 47121 Forlí, ItalyIncia Soc. Coop., 42021 Bibbiano, ItalyLiceo Scientifico “A. Roiti”, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyArpae—Sede di Forlí-Cesena, 47121 Forlí, ItalyLaboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, ItalyUrban flora is a more and more interesting research subject, in light of the ongoing environmental change and biological homogenisation, since urban contexts are much more diversified that natural ones and, therefore, they offer much more colonisation possibilities to allochthonous species or unexpected refuges for endangered species. We have, therefore, added our own contribution by analysing the spontaneous vascular flora of 7 cities of the Emilia-Romagna Po Plain (northern Italy), one of the more culturally and economically developed areas in Europe. The global floristic list was 1305 species, spanning from 432 to 756 species in each individual city; 219 of them were constantly present in all cities examined. A notable richness in phytosociological classes (43 out of 75 known for the entire national territory) was observed. Therophytes were 35.4% of the spectrum, followed by hemicryptophytes, phanerophytes and geophytes. Eurasian and Mediterranean species dominated (average values 30 and 27%, respectively); exotic species were 26.8%, in line with the strong floristic pollution of Emilia-Romagna, with neophytes always prevailing over archaeophytes. Among neophytes, 44.8% came from the Americas and 26.2% from Asia. Some hydro-hygrophilous and halophilous species were found, owing to the presence of watercourses crossing the urban areas and coastal wetlands bordering one of the towns. The species new for the flora of Italy or Emilia-Romagna were 32, of which 24 were allochthonous. The species protected at a regional or national level were hardly present, which is normal in artificial environments. Despite the inevitable differences in exploration intensity and effort, this synthesis offers a picture of the contribution given by anthropogenic habitats to the global biological richness of the territory.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/3/450ruderal speciestherophyteshuman disturbanceanthropogenic environmentsfloristic pollutionalien species
spellingShingle Alessandro Alessandrini
Michele Adorni
Fabrizio Buldrini
Sergio Montanari
Villiam Morelli
Mauro Pellizzari
Maurizio Sirotti
Giovanna Bosi
Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)
Plants
ruderal species
therophytes
human disturbance
anthropogenic environments
floristic pollution
alien species
title Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)
title_full Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)
title_fullStr Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)
title_full_unstemmed Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)
title_short Urban Flora Biodiversity of Some Continental Cities of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)
title_sort urban flora biodiversity of some continental cities of the po plain emilia romagna northern italy
topic ruderal species
therophytes
human disturbance
anthropogenic environments
floristic pollution
alien species
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/3/450
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