Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, due to inadequate healthcare and research into its genetic epidemiology. This study aims to determine the frequency of HBV antigens, antibodies, and genotypes among feb...

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Main Authors: Ugwu, Chinwe Ndidi, Dangana, Amos, Suleiman Chunta, Hassan, Akyala Adamu, Ishaku, Miri, Nanpon, Leviticus Dansura, Mangpin, Samuel, Bwede Eugene, Villeng Gagari, Felix, Adeyemi Ojo, Johnson, Gyang, Nyiri Miriam, Uzoebo, Nkiruka Lynda, Nanbol, Helen Daniel, Nyinishu, Gabriel Bernice, Barde, Aisha Daminso, Abdullahi, Idris Nasir
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House 2025-07-01
Series:GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
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Online Access:https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000566
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author Ugwu, Chinwe Ndidi
Dangana, Amos
Suleiman Chunta, Hassan
Akyala Adamu, Ishaku
Miri, Nanpon
Leviticus Dansura, Mangpin
Samuel, Bwede Eugene
Villeng Gagari, Felix
Adeyemi Ojo, Johnson
Gyang, Nyiri Miriam
Uzoebo, Nkiruka Lynda
Nanbol, Helen Daniel
Nyinishu, Gabriel Bernice
Barde, Aisha Daminso
Abdullahi, Idris Nasir
author_facet Ugwu, Chinwe Ndidi
Dangana, Amos
Suleiman Chunta, Hassan
Akyala Adamu, Ishaku
Miri, Nanpon
Leviticus Dansura, Mangpin
Samuel, Bwede Eugene
Villeng Gagari, Felix
Adeyemi Ojo, Johnson
Gyang, Nyiri Miriam
Uzoebo, Nkiruka Lynda
Nanbol, Helen Daniel
Nyinishu, Gabriel Bernice
Barde, Aisha Daminso
Abdullahi, Idris Nasir
author_sort Ugwu, Chinwe Ndidi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, due to inadequate healthcare and research into its genetic epidemiology. This study aims to determine the frequency of HBV antigens, antibodies, and genotypes among febrile patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 100 patients, whose blood samples were collected and screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and four other structural antigens and antibodies by Lateral Flow Assay. All HBsAg-positive samples were genotyped using type-specific polymerase chain reactions. Structured questionnaires were used to collate the sociodemographic variables of the patients. Results: HBsAg-seropositivity was 31%. The distribution of HBV genotypes was as follows: genotype E was predominant (22.6%), followed by genotype B (16.1%). Of the HBsAg-positive individuals, all were HBsAb-seronegative, 3.2%, 74.2%, and 90.3% were HBeAg, HbeAb, and HBcAb seropositive, respectively. Genotypes B, C, and D were detected in 16.1%, 3.2%, and 3.2%, respectively. Based on the number of HBV genotypes per individual, 9.7% had a single genotype, 16.1% had double genotypes, and 74.2% had triple genotypes. Higher educational qualification was significantly associated with triple HBV genotypes per individual (p=0.04). Conclusion: Very high seroprevalence of HBV was found and genotype E predominated. The presence of within-host multiple HBV genotypes was identified for the first time in Nigeria. This indicates the genetic heterogeneity of HBV in northern Nigeria and suggests potential effects on the control measures available.
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spelling doaj-art-ec0eae91d4794ca29a8faaa1392142262025-08-20T03:55:53ZdeuGerman Medical Science GMS Publishing HouseGMS Hygiene and Infection Control2196-52262025-07-0120Doc3710.3205/dgkh000566Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, NigeriaUgwu, Chinwe Ndidi0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6910-8665Dangana, Amos1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-3841Suleiman Chunta, Hassan2Akyala Adamu, Ishaku3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-6104Miri, Nanpon4Leviticus Dansura, Mangpin5https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1965-5046Samuel, Bwede Eugene6https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8690-4850Villeng Gagari, Felix7https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0460-3888Adeyemi Ojo, Johnson8Gyang, Nyiri Miriam9https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0560-8560Uzoebo, Nkiruka Lynda10https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8001-1444Nanbol, Helen Daniel11Nyinishu, Gabriel Bernice12Barde, Aisha Daminso13Abdullahi, Idris Nasir14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-1272Biorepository Laboratory, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaNational Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, NigeriaGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, NigeriaNational Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaNational Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaNational Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaNational Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaNational Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaMega Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaNational Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaSchool of Medical Laboratory Science, Plateau State College of Health Technology, Pankshin, NigeriaSherrif Integrated Healthcare Limited, Abuja, NigeriaMega Laboratory, Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaBackground: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, due to inadequate healthcare and research into its genetic epidemiology. This study aims to determine the frequency of HBV antigens, antibodies, and genotypes among febrile patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 100 patients, whose blood samples were collected and screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and four other structural antigens and antibodies by Lateral Flow Assay. All HBsAg-positive samples were genotyped using type-specific polymerase chain reactions. Structured questionnaires were used to collate the sociodemographic variables of the patients. Results: HBsAg-seropositivity was 31%. The distribution of HBV genotypes was as follows: genotype E was predominant (22.6%), followed by genotype B (16.1%). Of the HBsAg-positive individuals, all were HBsAb-seronegative, 3.2%, 74.2%, and 90.3% were HBeAg, HbeAb, and HBcAb seropositive, respectively. Genotypes B, C, and D were detected in 16.1%, 3.2%, and 3.2%, respectively. Based on the number of HBV genotypes per individual, 9.7% had a single genotype, 16.1% had double genotypes, and 74.2% had triple genotypes. Higher educational qualification was significantly associated with triple HBV genotypes per individual (p=0.04). Conclusion: Very high seroprevalence of HBV was found and genotype E predominated. The presence of within-host multiple HBV genotypes was identified for the first time in Nigeria. This indicates the genetic heterogeneity of HBV in northern Nigeria and suggests potential effects on the control measures available.https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000566hbsaghbv genotypeendemicitynigeria
spellingShingle Ugwu, Chinwe Ndidi
Dangana, Amos
Suleiman Chunta, Hassan
Akyala Adamu, Ishaku
Miri, Nanpon
Leviticus Dansura, Mangpin
Samuel, Bwede Eugene
Villeng Gagari, Felix
Adeyemi Ojo, Johnson
Gyang, Nyiri Miriam
Uzoebo, Nkiruka Lynda
Nanbol, Helen Daniel
Nyinishu, Gabriel Bernice
Barde, Aisha Daminso
Abdullahi, Idris Nasir
Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
hbsag
hbv genotype
endemicity
nigeria
title Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
title_full Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
title_fullStr Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
title_short Hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis B virus among patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
title_sort hyperendemicity and genotype diversity of hepatitis b virus among patients attending the university of abuja teaching hospital nigeria
topic hbsag
hbv genotype
endemicity
nigeria
url https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000566
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