Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural Dysfunction

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormone system that has been classically known as a blood pressure regulator but is becoming well recognized as a proinflammatory mediator. In many diverse tissues, RAS pathway elements are also produced intrinsically, making it possible for tissues to respond...

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Main Authors: Toshihide Kurihara, Yoko Ozawa, Susumu Ishida, Hideyuki Okano, Kazuo Tsubota
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-01-01
Series:International Journal of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581695
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author Toshihide Kurihara
Yoko Ozawa
Susumu Ishida
Hideyuki Okano
Kazuo Tsubota
author_facet Toshihide Kurihara
Yoko Ozawa
Susumu Ishida
Hideyuki Okano
Kazuo Tsubota
author_sort Toshihide Kurihara
collection DOAJ
description The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormone system that has been classically known as a blood pressure regulator but is becoming well recognized as a proinflammatory mediator. In many diverse tissues, RAS pathway elements are also produced intrinsically, making it possible for tissues to respond more dynamically to systemic or local cues. While RAS is important for controlling normal inflammatory responses, hyperactivation of the pathway can cause neural dysfunction by inducing accelerated degradation of some neuronal proteins such as synaptophysin and by activating pathological glial responses. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are risk factors for high incidence vision-threatening diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. In fact, increasing evidence suggests that RAS inhibition may actually prevent progression of various ocular diseases including uveitis, DR, AMD, and glaucoma. Therefore, RAS inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach to fine-tune inflammatory responses and to prevent or treat certain ocular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-ec0a5c31e36a45698ffe8712fa43100b2025-08-20T03:21:17ZengWileyInternational Journal of Inflammation2090-80402042-00992012-01-01201210.1155/2012/581695581695Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural DysfunctionToshihide Kurihara0Yoko Ozawa1Susumu Ishida2Hideyuki Okano3Kazuo Tsubota4Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanLaboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanThe renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormone system that has been classically known as a blood pressure regulator but is becoming well recognized as a proinflammatory mediator. In many diverse tissues, RAS pathway elements are also produced intrinsically, making it possible for tissues to respond more dynamically to systemic or local cues. While RAS is important for controlling normal inflammatory responses, hyperactivation of the pathway can cause neural dysfunction by inducing accelerated degradation of some neuronal proteins such as synaptophysin and by activating pathological glial responses. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are risk factors for high incidence vision-threatening diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. In fact, increasing evidence suggests that RAS inhibition may actually prevent progression of various ocular diseases including uveitis, DR, AMD, and glaucoma. Therefore, RAS inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach to fine-tune inflammatory responses and to prevent or treat certain ocular and neurodegenerative diseases.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581695
spellingShingle Toshihide Kurihara
Yoko Ozawa
Susumu Ishida
Hideyuki Okano
Kazuo Tsubota
Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural Dysfunction
International Journal of Inflammation
title Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural Dysfunction
title_full Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural Dysfunction
title_fullStr Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural Dysfunction
title_full_unstemmed Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural Dysfunction
title_short Renin-Angiotensin System Hyperactivation Can Induce Inflammation and Retinal Neural Dysfunction
title_sort renin angiotensin system hyperactivation can induce inflammation and retinal neural dysfunction
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581695
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