Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics

Abstract Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are usually achieved using organic spiro-OMeTAD. However, conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants (LiTFSI and tBP) leads to compromised device stability. We introduce a synergistic mixed doping strategy that u...

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Main Authors: Sisi Wang, Shaochen Zhang, Xiaohuo Shi, Canglang Yao, Donger Jin, Danyu Gu, Yinjuan Chen, Jiazhe Xu, Jingjing Xue, Rui Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59350-9
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author Sisi Wang
Shaochen Zhang
Xiaohuo Shi
Canglang Yao
Donger Jin
Danyu Gu
Yinjuan Chen
Jiazhe Xu
Jingjing Xue
Rui Wang
author_facet Sisi Wang
Shaochen Zhang
Xiaohuo Shi
Canglang Yao
Donger Jin
Danyu Gu
Yinjuan Chen
Jiazhe Xu
Jingjing Xue
Rui Wang
author_sort Sisi Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are usually achieved using organic spiro-OMeTAD. However, conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants (LiTFSI and tBP) leads to compromised device stability. We introduce a synergistic mixed doping strategy that utilizes a combination of metal-TFSI dopants—LiTFSI, KTFSI, NaTFSI, Ca(TFSI)2, and Mg(TFSI)2—to enhance doping efficiency while effectively removing hygroscopic contaminants from the Spiro-OMeTAD solution. This approach achieves PCEs exceeding 25% and significantly improves stability under harsh environmental conditions. Notably, Ca(TFSI)2 and Mg(TFSI)2 facilitate enhanced oxidative doping, while NaTFSI promotes interstitial doping in the bulk perovskite. Additionally, KTFSI serves as a catalytic agent, lowering the reaction energy barrier for the other dopants, thereby accelerating spiro-OMeTAD ion radical production. These findings underscore the potential of synergistic doping in optimizing the performance and longevity of photovoltaic devices.
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spelling doaj-art-ec080aa792fe4a038a039b3ff33c42ae2025-08-20T02:15:12ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-59350-9Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaicsSisi Wang0Shaochen Zhang1Xiaohuo Shi2Canglang Yao3Donger Jin4Danyu Gu5Yinjuan Chen6Jiazhe Xu7Jingjing Xue8Rui Wang9Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Westlake UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Westlake UniversityKey Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake UniversityLaboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityKey Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake UniversityKey Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Westlake UniversityState Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Westlake UniversityAbstract Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are usually achieved using organic spiro-OMeTAD. However, conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants (LiTFSI and tBP) leads to compromised device stability. We introduce a synergistic mixed doping strategy that utilizes a combination of metal-TFSI dopants—LiTFSI, KTFSI, NaTFSI, Ca(TFSI)2, and Mg(TFSI)2—to enhance doping efficiency while effectively removing hygroscopic contaminants from the Spiro-OMeTAD solution. This approach achieves PCEs exceeding 25% and significantly improves stability under harsh environmental conditions. Notably, Ca(TFSI)2 and Mg(TFSI)2 facilitate enhanced oxidative doping, while NaTFSI promotes interstitial doping in the bulk perovskite. Additionally, KTFSI serves as a catalytic agent, lowering the reaction energy barrier for the other dopants, thereby accelerating spiro-OMeTAD ion radical production. These findings underscore the potential of synergistic doping in optimizing the performance and longevity of photovoltaic devices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59350-9
spellingShingle Sisi Wang
Shaochen Zhang
Xiaohuo Shi
Canglang Yao
Donger Jin
Danyu Gu
Yinjuan Chen
Jiazhe Xu
Jingjing Xue
Rui Wang
Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics
Nature Communications
title Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics
title_full Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics
title_fullStr Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics
title_full_unstemmed Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics
title_short Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics
title_sort self cleaning spiro ometad via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59350-9
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