Classification and Characterization Methods for Heterojunctions

Abstract Heterojunction constructions are usually used to promote the separation of photocarriers and improve the photocatalytic activities. However, misuse and confusion often occur in current research because there are no unified rules for the classification and naming of heterojunctions. In order...

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Main Authors: Zhenyu Han, Yundong Song, Yibing Jia, Yalin Wang, Jiale Shi, Xiaochun Liu, Liangliang Yu, Zhan Li, Yangyang Cheng, Hongna Zhang, Hai‐Ying Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-08-01
Series:Advanced Materials Interfaces
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500191
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author Zhenyu Han
Yundong Song
Yibing Jia
Yalin Wang
Jiale Shi
Xiaochun Liu
Liangliang Yu
Zhan Li
Yangyang Cheng
Hongna Zhang
Hai‐Ying Jiang
author_facet Zhenyu Han
Yundong Song
Yibing Jia
Yalin Wang
Jiale Shi
Xiaochun Liu
Liangliang Yu
Zhan Li
Yangyang Cheng
Hongna Zhang
Hai‐Ying Jiang
author_sort Zhenyu Han
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Heterojunction constructions are usually used to promote the separation of photocarriers and improve the photocatalytic activities. However, misuse and confusion often occur in current research because there are no unified rules for the classification and naming of heterojunctions. In order to avoid this problem, this review summarizes and standardizes the classification and naming rules of heterojunctions, based on different band structure distribution of the two semiconductors in heterojunctions and transfer paths of photogenerated carriers. Moreover, the distinctions in photogenerated carrier behavior among O–scheme heterojunction, Z–scheme heterojunction, and S–scheme heterojunction within type II heterojunction are clearly elucidated. Additionally, current methodologies for identifying heterojunction types, including metal–ion photo–deposition, in situ X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence spectrometry, are summarized. This review also highlights the applicability of various heterojunction types across different photocatalytic applications and suggests future directions for heterojunction research.
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series Advanced Materials Interfaces
spelling doaj-art-ebfc45e97de644edb4bfffcf8dbd9f0a2025-08-20T02:55:05ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Materials Interfaces2196-73502025-08-011215n/an/a10.1002/admi.202500191Classification and Characterization Methods for HeterojunctionsZhenyu Han0Yundong Song1Yibing Jia2Yalin Wang3Jiale Shi4Xiaochun Liu5Liangliang Yu6Zhan Li7Yangyang Cheng8Hongna Zhang9Hai‐Ying Jiang10Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710061 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education and the Energy and Catalysis Hub College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. ChinaAbstract Heterojunction constructions are usually used to promote the separation of photocarriers and improve the photocatalytic activities. However, misuse and confusion often occur in current research because there are no unified rules for the classification and naming of heterojunctions. In order to avoid this problem, this review summarizes and standardizes the classification and naming rules of heterojunctions, based on different band structure distribution of the two semiconductors in heterojunctions and transfer paths of photogenerated carriers. Moreover, the distinctions in photogenerated carrier behavior among O–scheme heterojunction, Z–scheme heterojunction, and S–scheme heterojunction within type II heterojunction are clearly elucidated. Additionally, current methodologies for identifying heterojunction types, including metal–ion photo–deposition, in situ X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence spectrometry, are summarized. This review also highlights the applicability of various heterojunction types across different photocatalytic applications and suggests future directions for heterojunction research.https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500191heterojunction classificationS–scheme heterojunctiontype II heterojunctionZ–scheme heterojunction
spellingShingle Zhenyu Han
Yundong Song
Yibing Jia
Yalin Wang
Jiale Shi
Xiaochun Liu
Liangliang Yu
Zhan Li
Yangyang Cheng
Hongna Zhang
Hai‐Ying Jiang
Classification and Characterization Methods for Heterojunctions
Advanced Materials Interfaces
heterojunction classification
S–scheme heterojunction
type II heterojunction
Z–scheme heterojunction
title Classification and Characterization Methods for Heterojunctions
title_full Classification and Characterization Methods for Heterojunctions
title_fullStr Classification and Characterization Methods for Heterojunctions
title_full_unstemmed Classification and Characterization Methods for Heterojunctions
title_short Classification and Characterization Methods for Heterojunctions
title_sort classification and characterization methods for heterojunctions
topic heterojunction classification
S–scheme heterojunction
type II heterojunction
Z–scheme heterojunction
url https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500191
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AT jialeshi classificationandcharacterizationmethodsforheterojunctions
AT xiaochunliu classificationandcharacterizationmethodsforheterojunctions
AT liangliangyu classificationandcharacterizationmethodsforheterojunctions
AT zhanli classificationandcharacterizationmethodsforheterojunctions
AT yangyangcheng classificationandcharacterizationmethodsforheterojunctions
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