Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of socio-economic development, consumption of renewable energy, educational spending, and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) between 1991 and 2021. The study emp...
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2024-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5909 |
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| author | Irena Łącka Błażej Suproń Roman Śmietański |
| author_facet | Irena Łącka Błażej Suproń Roman Śmietański |
| author_sort | Irena Łącka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study is to assess the impact of socio-economic development, consumption of renewable energy, educational spending, and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) between 1991 and 2021. The study employed the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bound Testing model and Toda–Yamamoto causality tests to establish short- and long-term relationships for each of the dependent variables and countries, aiming to verify the hypotheses. For the Czech Republic and Slovakia, a bidirectional relationship was identified between carbon emissions and the Human Development Index (HDI). In Poland, bidirectional causality was indicated between renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Unidirectional causality was evident for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia between the specified variables. Short-term findings indicate that an increase in renewable energy production may lead to higher carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries. In the long term, only Slovakia demonstrates a significant relationship between educational spending and reduced carbon emissions. Toda–Yamamoto tests reveal unidirectional causality between foreign direct investment and carbon dioxide emissions for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Empirical findings suggest that policymakers should invest in socio-economic development and renewable energy to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and achieve long-term sustainability in the Visegrad countries. Poland needs to shift its energy policy away from coal, and all countries should enhance education to effectively transmit environmental knowledge and values. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ebf56cf1018e476fbd873fed33dcef81 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-ebf56cf1018e476fbd873fed33dcef812025-08-20T02:38:41ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-11-011723590910.3390/en17235909Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad GroupIrena Łącka0Błażej Suproń1Roman Śmietański2Faculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Żołnierska 47 St., 71-210 Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Żołnierska 47 St., 71-210 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Enterprise Management, Opole University of Technology, Luboszycka 7 St., 45-036 Opole, PolandThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of socio-economic development, consumption of renewable energy, educational spending, and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) between 1991 and 2021. The study employed the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bound Testing model and Toda–Yamamoto causality tests to establish short- and long-term relationships for each of the dependent variables and countries, aiming to verify the hypotheses. For the Czech Republic and Slovakia, a bidirectional relationship was identified between carbon emissions and the Human Development Index (HDI). In Poland, bidirectional causality was indicated between renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Unidirectional causality was evident for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia between the specified variables. Short-term findings indicate that an increase in renewable energy production may lead to higher carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries. In the long term, only Slovakia demonstrates a significant relationship between educational spending and reduced carbon emissions. Toda–Yamamoto tests reveal unidirectional causality between foreign direct investment and carbon dioxide emissions for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Empirical findings suggest that policymakers should invest in socio-economic development and renewable energy to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and achieve long-term sustainability in the Visegrad countries. Poland needs to shift its energy policy away from coal, and all countries should enhance education to effectively transmit environmental knowledge and values.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5909economic developmenteducationrenewable energyforeign direct investmentCO<sub>2</sub>ARDL |
| spellingShingle | Irena Łącka Błażej Suproń Roman Śmietański Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group Energies economic development education renewable energy foreign direct investment CO<sub>2</sub> ARDL |
| title | Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group |
| title_full | Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group |
| title_short | Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group |
| title_sort | effects of social and economic development on co sub 2 sub emissions in the countries of the visegrad group |
| topic | economic development education renewable energy foreign direct investment CO<sub>2</sub> ARDL |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5909 |
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