Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback
We investigate active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from an intermediate-mass black hole at the center of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, by performing isolated galaxy simulations using a modified version of the GADGET-3 code. We consider Leo II (PGC 34176) in the Local Group as our simulation referenc...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada1d1 |
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| author | Roberto Hazenfratz Paramita Barai Gustavo A. Lanfranchi Anderson Caproni |
| author_facet | Roberto Hazenfratz Paramita Barai Gustavo A. Lanfranchi Anderson Caproni |
| author_sort | Roberto Hazenfratz |
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| description | We investigate active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from an intermediate-mass black hole at the center of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, by performing isolated galaxy simulations using a modified version of the GADGET-3 code. We consider Leo II (PGC 34176) in the Local Group as our simulation reference model. Beginning with black hole seeds ranging from 10 ^3 −10 ^6 M _⊙ , our simulations focus on comparing stellar/SN-only feedback with AGN+stellar/SN feedback over 13.7 Gyr of galactic evolution. Our results indicate that a low-mass AGN in a dwarf galaxy influences the star formation history under specific physical conditions. While AGN feedback is generally negative on star formation, instances of positive feedback were also identified. Despite measurable effects on the evolution of the dwarf host galaxy, black hole seeds exhibited only marginal growth. We tested several physical scenarios as modified models in our simulations, primarily concerning the dynamics of the central black holes, which may wander within dwarf galaxies rather than being centrally located. However, none of these adjustments significantly impacted the growth of the black hole seeds. This suggests that intermediate-mass black holes may struggle to achieve higher masses in isolated environments, with mergers and interactions likely playing crucial roles in their growth. Nevertheless, AGN feedback exhibited nonnegligible effects in our simulated dwarf spheroidal galaxies, despite the assumed dominant role of stellar feedback in the low-mass regime. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ebeff07e8447405b8b50862b88111ab0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ebeff07e8447405b8b50862b88111ab02025-01-29T06:45:53ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01979223810.3847/1538-4357/ada1d1Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN FeedbackRoberto Hazenfratz0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3770-9251Paramita Barai1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-2331Gustavo A. Lanfranchi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4943-3267Anderson Caproni3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-3895Núcleo de Astrofísica, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, R. Galvão Bueno 868 , Liberdade, 01506-000 São Paulo, BrazilIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) , Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OATs), Trieste, ItalyNúcleo de Astrofísica, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, R. Galvão Bueno 868 , Liberdade, 01506-000 São Paulo, BrazilNúcleo de Astrofísica, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, R. Galvão Bueno 868 , Liberdade, 01506-000 São Paulo, BrazilWe investigate active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from an intermediate-mass black hole at the center of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, by performing isolated galaxy simulations using a modified version of the GADGET-3 code. We consider Leo II (PGC 34176) in the Local Group as our simulation reference model. Beginning with black hole seeds ranging from 10 ^3 −10 ^6 M _⊙ , our simulations focus on comparing stellar/SN-only feedback with AGN+stellar/SN feedback over 13.7 Gyr of galactic evolution. Our results indicate that a low-mass AGN in a dwarf galaxy influences the star formation history under specific physical conditions. While AGN feedback is generally negative on star formation, instances of positive feedback were also identified. Despite measurable effects on the evolution of the dwarf host galaxy, black hole seeds exhibited only marginal growth. We tested several physical scenarios as modified models in our simulations, primarily concerning the dynamics of the central black holes, which may wander within dwarf galaxies rather than being centrally located. However, none of these adjustments significantly impacted the growth of the black hole seeds. This suggests that intermediate-mass black holes may struggle to achieve higher masses in isolated environments, with mergers and interactions likely playing crucial roles in their growth. Nevertheless, AGN feedback exhibited nonnegligible effects in our simulated dwarf spheroidal galaxies, despite the assumed dominant role of stellar feedback in the low-mass regime.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada1d1Dwarf spheroidal galaxiesHydrodynamical simulationsActive galactic nucleiStellar feedback |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Hazenfratz Paramita Barai Gustavo A. Lanfranchi Anderson Caproni Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback The Astrophysical Journal Dwarf spheroidal galaxies Hydrodynamical simulations Active galactic nuclei Stellar feedback |
| title | Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback |
| title_full | Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback |
| title_short | Exploring the Evolution of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with SPH Simulations. II. AGN Feedback |
| title_sort | exploring the evolution of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy with sph simulations ii agn feedback |
| topic | Dwarf spheroidal galaxies Hydrodynamical simulations Active galactic nuclei Stellar feedback |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada1d1 |
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