Parenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?

Abstract Background Parenting styles have been identified as significant factors influencing children’s social behaviors, particularly in their peer interactions. However, the specific mechanisms through which different parenting styles affect these behaviors, particularly among children aged 3–6, r...

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Main Authors: Dexian Li, Wencan Li, Xin Lin, Xingchen Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02641-z
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author Dexian Li
Wencan Li
Xin Lin
Xingchen Zhu
author_facet Dexian Li
Wencan Li
Xin Lin
Xingchen Zhu
author_sort Dexian Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Parenting styles have been identified as significant factors influencing children’s social behaviors, particularly in their peer interactions. However, the specific mechanisms through which different parenting styles affect these behaviors, particularly among children aged 3–6, remain understudied. Objective Applying the theoretical frameworks of SLT and SRT, this study aimed to explore how authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles affect peer interactions in 3- and 6-year-old children, focusing on the mediating role of self-control and emotion management skills. Methodology A survey was conducted using a stratified cluster random sampling method, with 2,397 participants recruited from 16 kindergartens in 10 provinces and 7 regions across the country. The study employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling, and bootstrap method to examine the relationships between parenting styles, self-control, emotion management skills, and peer interactions. Results Authoritarian parenting style is negatively and strongly correlated with children’s peer interactions ( β = -0.57, p > 0.05); self-control fully mediated this relationship, accounting for 32.79%, and emotion management skills partially mediated 16.39%. Authoritative parenting had a direct effect on peer interactions ( β = 0.07, p < 0.05); self-control partially mediated 26.47% and emotion management skills 35.29% of the total effect; individual self-control (stable psychological traits) and emotion management skills (dynamic psychological processes) are important bridges through which family parenting practices influence the socialization process of children, and are also essential internal resources for achieving positive social adjustment. Conclusions This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the differing effects of authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles on children’s peer interactions, while highlighting the crucial roles of self-control and emotion management skills in these relationships. The findings offer practical implications for parents and educators in Chinese families, suggesting effective parenting strategies that promote positive social development among young children.
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spelling doaj-art-ebeb026f5c414d15bb11fae1377265c62025-08-20T01:54:27ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-04-0113111310.1186/s40359-025-02641-zParenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?Dexian Li0Wencan Li1Xin Lin2Xingchen Zhu3School of Education, Liaoning Normal UniversityFaculty of Education, East China Normal UniversityFaculty of Education, University of MacauCollege of Psychology, Liaoning Normal UniversityAbstract Background Parenting styles have been identified as significant factors influencing children’s social behaviors, particularly in their peer interactions. However, the specific mechanisms through which different parenting styles affect these behaviors, particularly among children aged 3–6, remain understudied. Objective Applying the theoretical frameworks of SLT and SRT, this study aimed to explore how authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles affect peer interactions in 3- and 6-year-old children, focusing on the mediating role of self-control and emotion management skills. Methodology A survey was conducted using a stratified cluster random sampling method, with 2,397 participants recruited from 16 kindergartens in 10 provinces and 7 regions across the country. The study employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling, and bootstrap method to examine the relationships between parenting styles, self-control, emotion management skills, and peer interactions. Results Authoritarian parenting style is negatively and strongly correlated with children’s peer interactions ( β = -0.57, p > 0.05); self-control fully mediated this relationship, accounting for 32.79%, and emotion management skills partially mediated 16.39%. Authoritative parenting had a direct effect on peer interactions ( β = 0.07, p < 0.05); self-control partially mediated 26.47% and emotion management skills 35.29% of the total effect; individual self-control (stable psychological traits) and emotion management skills (dynamic psychological processes) are important bridges through which family parenting practices influence the socialization process of children, and are also essential internal resources for achieving positive social adjustment. Conclusions This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the differing effects of authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles on children’s peer interactions, while highlighting the crucial roles of self-control and emotion management skills in these relationships. The findings offer practical implications for parents and educators in Chinese families, suggesting effective parenting strategies that promote positive social development among young children.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02641-zAuthoritarian parenting styleAuthoritative parenting stylePeer interactionsSelf-controlEmotion management skillsChain mediating effects
spellingShingle Dexian Li
Wencan Li
Xin Lin
Xingchen Zhu
Parenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?
BMC Psychology
Authoritarian parenting style
Authoritative parenting style
Peer interactions
Self-control
Emotion management skills
Chain mediating effects
title Parenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?
title_full Parenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?
title_fullStr Parenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?
title_full_unstemmed Parenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?
title_short Parenting pathways to friendship: how Self-Control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers’ social lives in China?
title_sort parenting pathways to friendship how self control and emotion management skills mediate preschoolers social lives in china
topic Authoritarian parenting style
Authoritative parenting style
Peer interactions
Self-control
Emotion management skills
Chain mediating effects
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02641-z
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AT xinlin parentingpathwaystofriendshiphowselfcontrolandemotionmanagementskillsmediatepreschoolerssociallivesinchina
AT xingchenzhu parentingpathwaystofriendshiphowselfcontrolandemotionmanagementskillsmediatepreschoolerssociallivesinchina