Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Introduction Emergency nurses in Egypt face a high risk of workplace violence, but their subjective experiences are not well understood. Objective This study aimed to explore the causes, sources, types, and coping strategies related to workplace violence among emergency nurses in Egypt. Methods A de...

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Main Authors: Mohamed Ali Zoromba RN, PhD, Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta RN, PhD, Sameer A. Alkubati RN, PhD, Shimmaa Elsayed RN, PhD, Naglaa Gamal Eldien Abdelhafez Hariedy RN, PhD, Asmaa Ali Ahmed Mohamed RN, PhD, Heba Emad El-Gazar RN, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-08-01
Series:SAGE Open Nursing
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608251363858
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author Mohamed Ali Zoromba RN, PhD
Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta RN, PhD
Sameer A. Alkubati RN, PhD
Shimmaa Elsayed RN, PhD
Naglaa Gamal Eldien Abdelhafez Hariedy RN, PhD
Asmaa Ali Ahmed Mohamed RN, PhD
Heba Emad El-Gazar RN, PhD
author_facet Mohamed Ali Zoromba RN, PhD
Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta RN, PhD
Sameer A. Alkubati RN, PhD
Shimmaa Elsayed RN, PhD
Naglaa Gamal Eldien Abdelhafez Hariedy RN, PhD
Asmaa Ali Ahmed Mohamed RN, PhD
Heba Emad El-Gazar RN, PhD
author_sort Mohamed Ali Zoromba RN, PhD
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Emergency nurses in Egypt face a high risk of workplace violence, but their subjective experiences are not well understood. Objective This study aimed to explore the causes, sources, types, and coping strategies related to workplace violence among emergency nurses in Egypt. Methods A descriptive qualitative design was used. Data were collected from 312 emergency nurses in an Egyptian hospital setting via an open-ended qualitative questionnaire and analyzed using directed content analysis. Results The primary cause of violence was work pressure (reported by 61% of nurses), driven by a lack of protection and staff shortages. The main sources of violence were external, from patients’ relatives (62%), and internal, from hierarchical disputes (18%). Verbal abuse was the most prevalent type of violence (78%), followed by physical violence (16%). The most common response was notifying supervisors (55%), though many nurses also reported significant emotional distress and avoidance coping. Conclusion This study reveals that workplace violence against emergency nurses in Egypt is driven by a dual threat of external-family and internal-organizational pressures. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that not only manage patient-family interactions but also address systemic organizational failures and internal hierarchical conflicts to ensure nurse safety.
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spelling doaj-art-ebe46fbebd1245b9bd624dde2f7d50602025-08-20T04:00:44ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open Nursing2377-96082025-08-011110.1177/23779608251363858Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative StudyMohamed Ali Zoromba RN, PhD0Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta RN, PhD1Sameer A. Alkubati RN, PhD2Shimmaa Elsayed RN, PhD3 Naglaa Gamal Eldien Abdelhafez Hariedy RN, PhD4 Asmaa Ali Ahmed Mohamed RN, PhD5Heba Emad El-Gazar RN, PhD6 Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt , Alexandria, Egypt College of Nursing, , Hail, Saudi Arabia , Damanhour, Egypt , Sohag, Egypt , Minia, Egypt , Port Said, EgyptIntroduction Emergency nurses in Egypt face a high risk of workplace violence, but their subjective experiences are not well understood. Objective This study aimed to explore the causes, sources, types, and coping strategies related to workplace violence among emergency nurses in Egypt. Methods A descriptive qualitative design was used. Data were collected from 312 emergency nurses in an Egyptian hospital setting via an open-ended qualitative questionnaire and analyzed using directed content analysis. Results The primary cause of violence was work pressure (reported by 61% of nurses), driven by a lack of protection and staff shortages. The main sources of violence were external, from patients’ relatives (62%), and internal, from hierarchical disputes (18%). Verbal abuse was the most prevalent type of violence (78%), followed by physical violence (16%). The most common response was notifying supervisors (55%), though many nurses also reported significant emotional distress and avoidance coping. Conclusion This study reveals that workplace violence against emergency nurses in Egypt is driven by a dual threat of external-family and internal-organizational pressures. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that not only manage patient-family interactions but also address systemic organizational failures and internal hierarchical conflicts to ensure nurse safety.https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608251363858
spellingShingle Mohamed Ali Zoromba RN, PhD
Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta RN, PhD
Sameer A. Alkubati RN, PhD
Shimmaa Elsayed RN, PhD
Naglaa Gamal Eldien Abdelhafez Hariedy RN, PhD
Asmaa Ali Ahmed Mohamed RN, PhD
Heba Emad El-Gazar RN, PhD
Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
SAGE Open Nursing
title Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
title_full Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
title_fullStr Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
title_full_unstemmed Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
title_short Experiences of Workplace Violence and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
title_sort experiences of workplace violence and coping strategies among emergency nurses in egypt a descriptive qualitative study
url https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608251363858
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