Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methods

Efficient and interconnected logistics networks, like postal services, provide powerful tools for criminal groups to organize cross-border drug trafficking by exploiting legitimate infrastructure. Despite postal services becoming inadvertent facilitators in smuggling, focused research on this logist...

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Main Authors: Agnese Raimondi, Julien Chopin, Stefano Caneppele, Toni Männistö, Ari-Pekka Hameri, Juha Hintsa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Economic Criminology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791425000168
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author Agnese Raimondi
Julien Chopin
Stefano Caneppele
Toni Männistö
Ari-Pekka Hameri
Juha Hintsa
author_facet Agnese Raimondi
Julien Chopin
Stefano Caneppele
Toni Männistö
Ari-Pekka Hameri
Juha Hintsa
author_sort Agnese Raimondi
collection DOAJ
description Efficient and interconnected logistics networks, like postal services, provide powerful tools for criminal groups to organize cross-border drug trafficking by exploiting legitimate infrastructure. Despite postal services becoming inadvertent facilitators in smuggling, focused research on this logistical channel is scarce and scattered due to its multidisciplinary, cross-country nature. This paper conducts a systematic scoping review to explore three primary questions: (1) how drug trafficking through postal services is conceptualized, (2) the estimated volume of these illicit flows, and (3) the methodologies employed to determine these estimates. Our scoping review, which covers studies from 2006 to 2024, identified 49 relevant articles. The findings indicate that the inherent characteristics of the postal system limit its detection capacity, thereby increasing its appeal for smuggling activities. With criminals thus increasingly shifting to online operations and postal remote shipments, cross-border enforcement agencies need to enhance their awareness of the cross-border illicit trade dimension and their responsiveness to the phenomenon, as well as deepen their digital readiness and ensure digital-based coordinated intelligence. This study emphasizes that the fragmentation of knowledge, combined with the multitude of players involved in monitoring and enforcement activities, demands tight transnational cooperation to ensure enforcement effectiveness and prevent digital asymmetries.
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language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Journal of Economic Criminology
spelling doaj-art-ebe06366777849a2a55bd66b9df493312025-08-20T02:02:01ZengElsevierJournal of Economic Criminology2949-79142025-03-01710014010.1016/j.jeconc.2025.100140Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methodsAgnese Raimondi0Julien Chopin1Stefano Caneppele2Toni Männistö3Ari-Pekka Hameri4Juha Hintsa5Department of Operations, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSchool of Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; School of Social Work and Criminology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Correspondence to: School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1008, Switzerland.School of Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandCross-Border Research Association, Epalinges, SwitzerlandDepartment of Operations, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandCross-Border Research Association, Epalinges, SwitzerlandEfficient and interconnected logistics networks, like postal services, provide powerful tools for criminal groups to organize cross-border drug trafficking by exploiting legitimate infrastructure. Despite postal services becoming inadvertent facilitators in smuggling, focused research on this logistical channel is scarce and scattered due to its multidisciplinary, cross-country nature. This paper conducts a systematic scoping review to explore three primary questions: (1) how drug trafficking through postal services is conceptualized, (2) the estimated volume of these illicit flows, and (3) the methodologies employed to determine these estimates. Our scoping review, which covers studies from 2006 to 2024, identified 49 relevant articles. The findings indicate that the inherent characteristics of the postal system limit its detection capacity, thereby increasing its appeal for smuggling activities. With criminals thus increasingly shifting to online operations and postal remote shipments, cross-border enforcement agencies need to enhance their awareness of the cross-border illicit trade dimension and their responsiveness to the phenomenon, as well as deepen their digital readiness and ensure digital-based coordinated intelligence. This study emphasizes that the fragmentation of knowledge, combined with the multitude of players involved in monitoring and enforcement activities, demands tight transnational cooperation to ensure enforcement effectiveness and prevent digital asymmetries.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791425000168Illicit drug trade estimationPostal logisticsGlobal supply chain securityCross-border drug smugglingE-commerce and illicit drug tradeOnline drug trafficking
spellingShingle Agnese Raimondi
Julien Chopin
Stefano Caneppele
Toni Männistö
Ari-Pekka Hameri
Juha Hintsa
Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methods
Journal of Economic Criminology
Illicit drug trade estimation
Postal logistics
Global supply chain security
Cross-border drug smuggling
E-commerce and illicit drug trade
Online drug trafficking
title Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methods
title_full Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methods
title_fullStr Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methods
title_full_unstemmed Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methods
title_short Illicit drug trafficking via postal services: A scoping review of economic-criminological context and estimation methods
title_sort illicit drug trafficking via postal services a scoping review of economic criminological context and estimation methods
topic Illicit drug trade estimation
Postal logistics
Global supply chain security
Cross-border drug smuggling
E-commerce and illicit drug trade
Online drug trafficking
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791425000168
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