Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sintering

Abstract β-Ag2Se holds a great promise for wearable thermoelectric generators due to its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, optimizing its power factor through alterations in the Ag/Se stoichiometric ratio or incorporating secondary phases has reached the limitation. This work...

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Main Authors: Jie Gao, Jiahui Li, Lei Miao, Lida Jia, Pengfei Qiu, Tingwei Yin, Sijing Zhu, Xinyu Yang, Jia-Chen Guo, Jun-Liang Chen, Xiaoyang Wang, Eiji Nishibori, Tomohiro Sato, Xun Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61079-4
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author Jie Gao
Jiahui Li
Lei Miao
Lida Jia
Pengfei Qiu
Tingwei Yin
Sijing Zhu
Xinyu Yang
Jia-Chen Guo
Jun-Liang Chen
Xiaoyang Wang
Eiji Nishibori
Tomohiro Sato
Xun Shi
author_facet Jie Gao
Jiahui Li
Lei Miao
Lida Jia
Pengfei Qiu
Tingwei Yin
Sijing Zhu
Xinyu Yang
Jia-Chen Guo
Jun-Liang Chen
Xiaoyang Wang
Eiji Nishibori
Tomohiro Sato
Xun Shi
author_sort Jie Gao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract β-Ag2Se holds a great promise for wearable thermoelectric generators due to its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, optimizing its power factor through alterations in the Ag/Se stoichiometric ratio or incorporating secondary phases has reached the limitation. This work adopts a liquid-like sintering strategy, namely employing the migration and precipitation of silver ions from metallic silver to the silver selenide during the spark plasma sintering process to construct significantly sized and coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates within flexible Ag/β-Ag2Se composite films, thereby achieving an unprecedented power factor exceeding 4000 μWm−1K−2 at 303 K. The Ag-rich nanoprecipitates play a crucial role in elevating the carrier concentration, enhancing the density-of-states effective mass, and mitigating carrier scattering caused by phase interfaces and acoustic phonons. The generator containing 5 pieces of optimal films shows an normalized output power density of 10.89 μWcm−1K−2 under a temperature difference of 26.0 K. This study strongly suggests that the creation of Ag-rich nanoprecipitates is an effective avenue for improving the electrical performance of β-Ag2Se-based thermoelectric materials.
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spelling doaj-art-ebd32e76fa96433fb1baba784d0f44b32025-08-20T03:03:28ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-61079-4Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sinteringJie Gao0Jiahui Li1Lei Miao2Lida Jia3Pengfei Qiu4Tingwei Yin5Sijing Zhu6Xinyu Yang7Jia-Chen Guo8Jun-Liang Chen9Xiaoyang Wang10Eiji Nishibori11Tomohiro Sato12Xun Shi13Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Novel Battery Materials Research Center of Engineering Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyState Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangxi Novel Battery Materials Research Center of Engineering Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityGuangxi Novel Battery Materials Research Center of Engineering Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuangxi Novel Battery Materials Research Center of Engineering Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Hydrogen Boride Research Center (HBRC), Tsukuba Institute for Advanced Research (TIAR), University of TsukubaSinter Land INC.State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract β-Ag2Se holds a great promise for wearable thermoelectric generators due to its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, optimizing its power factor through alterations in the Ag/Se stoichiometric ratio or incorporating secondary phases has reached the limitation. This work adopts a liquid-like sintering strategy, namely employing the migration and precipitation of silver ions from metallic silver to the silver selenide during the spark plasma sintering process to construct significantly sized and coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates within flexible Ag/β-Ag2Se composite films, thereby achieving an unprecedented power factor exceeding 4000 μWm−1K−2 at 303 K. The Ag-rich nanoprecipitates play a crucial role in elevating the carrier concentration, enhancing the density-of-states effective mass, and mitigating carrier scattering caused by phase interfaces and acoustic phonons. The generator containing 5 pieces of optimal films shows an normalized output power density of 10.89 μWcm−1K−2 under a temperature difference of 26.0 K. This study strongly suggests that the creation of Ag-rich nanoprecipitates is an effective avenue for improving the electrical performance of β-Ag2Se-based thermoelectric materials.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61079-4
spellingShingle Jie Gao
Jiahui Li
Lei Miao
Lida Jia
Pengfei Qiu
Tingwei Yin
Sijing Zhu
Xinyu Yang
Jia-Chen Guo
Jun-Liang Chen
Xiaoyang Wang
Eiji Nishibori
Tomohiro Sato
Xun Shi
Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sintering
Nature Communications
title Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sintering
title_full Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sintering
title_fullStr Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sintering
title_full_unstemmed Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sintering
title_short Coherent Ag-rich nanoprecipitates/β-Ag2Se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid-like sintering
title_sort coherent ag rich nanoprecipitates β ag2se flexible film with unprecedented thermoelectric performance by liquid like sintering
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61079-4
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