Elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathway

Abstract In recent years, the gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized for its influence on various central nervous system diseases mediated by microglia, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As key metabolites of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have emerged as a...

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Main Authors: Qingyu Cao, Mengmeng Shen, Ruoqiu Li, Yan Liu, Zhen Zeng, Jidong Zhou, Dejun Niu, Quancai Zhang, Rongrong Wang, Jingchun Yao, Guimin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Neuroinflammation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03454-y
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author Qingyu Cao
Mengmeng Shen
Ruoqiu Li
Yan Liu
Zhen Zeng
Jidong Zhou
Dejun Niu
Quancai Zhang
Rongrong Wang
Jingchun Yao
Guimin Zhang
author_facet Qingyu Cao
Mengmeng Shen
Ruoqiu Li
Yan Liu
Zhen Zeng
Jidong Zhou
Dejun Niu
Quancai Zhang
Rongrong Wang
Jingchun Yao
Guimin Zhang
author_sort Qingyu Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In recent years, the gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized for its influence on various central nervous system diseases mediated by microglia, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As key metabolites of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have emerged as a focal point in understanding microglia-related interactions. In this review, we further refine the connection between the gut microbiota and microglia by introducing the concept of the “SCFAs-microglia” pathway. We summarize current knowledge on this pathway, recent discoveries regarding its role in neurological diseases, and potential pharmacological strategies targeting it. Finally, we outlined the current challenges and limitations in this field of research. We hope this review provides new insights into the role of the gut microbiota in neuroimmune regulation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1742-2094
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Journal of Neuroinflammation
spelling doaj-art-ebccd90194c445a1b0e3f560c7a3a97d2025-08-20T03:48:15ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942025-05-0122112310.1186/s12974-025-03454-yElucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathwayQingyu Cao0Mengmeng Shen1Ruoqiu Li2Yan Liu3Zhen Zeng4Jidong Zhou5Dejun Niu6Quancai Zhang7Rongrong Wang8Jingchun Yao9Guimin Zhang10College of Pharmacy, Yanbian UniversityState Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LtdKey Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityState Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LtdState Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LtdState Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LtdState Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LtdKey Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LtdCollege of Pharmacy, Yanbian UniversityAbstract In recent years, the gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized for its influence on various central nervous system diseases mediated by microglia, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As key metabolites of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have emerged as a focal point in understanding microglia-related interactions. In this review, we further refine the connection between the gut microbiota and microglia by introducing the concept of the “SCFAs-microglia” pathway. We summarize current knowledge on this pathway, recent discoveries regarding its role in neurological diseases, and potential pharmacological strategies targeting it. Finally, we outlined the current challenges and limitations in this field of research. We hope this review provides new insights into the role of the gut microbiota in neuroimmune regulation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03454-yGut microbiotaShort-Chain fatty acidsMicrogliaNeurological diseases
spellingShingle Qingyu Cao
Mengmeng Shen
Ruoqiu Li
Yan Liu
Zhen Zeng
Jidong Zhou
Dejun Niu
Quancai Zhang
Rongrong Wang
Jingchun Yao
Guimin Zhang
Elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathway
Journal of Neuroinflammation
Gut microbiota
Short-Chain fatty acids
Microglia
Neurological diseases
title Elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathway
title_full Elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathway
title_fullStr Elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathway
title_full_unstemmed Elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathway
title_short Elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut-brain axis: the short-chain fatty acids-microglia pathway
title_sort elucidating the specific mechanisms of the gut brain axis the short chain fatty acids microglia pathway
topic Gut microbiota
Short-Chain fatty acids
Microglia
Neurological diseases
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03454-y
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