Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview

Abstract Background The promotion of evidence-based policymaking (EBPM) is increasingly recognized globally for its potential to maximize health outcomes by efficiently utilizing finite resources and focusing on evidence. Although previous literature has identified some facilitators and barriers to...

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Main Authors: Yuko Arimura, Yuko Yanagawa, Shota Kiuchi, Haruka Matsuyama, Hinata Uehata, Maiko Suto, Hisaya Tomori, Kenji Takehara, Sonoko Sensaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Health Research Policy and Systems
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-025-01320-0
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author Yuko Arimura
Yuko Yanagawa
Shota Kiuchi
Haruka Matsuyama
Hinata Uehata
Maiko Suto
Hisaya Tomori
Kenji Takehara
Sonoko Sensaki
author_facet Yuko Arimura
Yuko Yanagawa
Shota Kiuchi
Haruka Matsuyama
Hinata Uehata
Maiko Suto
Hisaya Tomori
Kenji Takehara
Sonoko Sensaki
author_sort Yuko Arimura
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The promotion of evidence-based policymaking (EBPM) is increasingly recognized globally for its potential to maximize health outcomes by efficiently utilizing finite resources and focusing on evidence. Although previous literature has identified some facilitators and barriers to promoting EBPM, these are mainly produced in Western countries, with no comparable research conducted yet in Japan. In recent years, knowledge brokers (KBs) have been focusing on the potential to facilitate EBPM. However, previous studies have targeted policymakers and researchers. This study explores the factors promoting EBPM in Japan by integrating the perspectives of policymakers, researchers and KBs. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 informants, 5 from each stakeholder, including policymakers, researchers and KBs. The data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Since this study aimed to identify factors considered necessary by multiple individuals for promoting EBPM rather than extracting atypical opinions, subcategories were defined as those with at least two speakers. Results A total of 15 interviewees (5 from each of the three stakeholders) participated. We identified five categories and 25 subcategories. The identified categories included cooperative engagement between government and external organizations, policy methods and mechanisms, governmental structure and environment, academic environment and development structure of KBs. The extracted subcategories were generating flexible evidence by researchers meeting the policy needs and creating platforms for active exchange of opinions and relationship-building across organizational boundaries. Conclusions Most factors identified in previous studies were observed in the Japanese context. Thus, we recommend that Japan implement interventions already established abroad, as they can significantly contribute to the advancement of EBPM. In addition, by incorporating the perspectives of KBs alongside policymakers and researchers, this study identified factors not addressed in prior research. To further support EBPM advancement, future studies should identify the competencies required for KBs and explore effective strategies for their development.
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spelling doaj-art-ebcc9045cca548f7be89d59e8710c7942025-08-20T02:11:49ZengBMCHealth Research Policy and Systems1478-45052025-04-0123111610.1186/s12961-025-01320-0Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interviewYuko Arimura0Yuko Yanagawa1Shota Kiuchi2Haruka Matsuyama3Hinata Uehata4Maiko Suto5Hisaya Tomori6Kenji Takehara7Sonoko Sensaki8Think Tank for Children and Families, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDepartment of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentThink Tank for Children and Families, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentThink Tank for Children and Families, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentThink Tank for Children and Families, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentThink Tank for Children and Families, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentAbstract Background The promotion of evidence-based policymaking (EBPM) is increasingly recognized globally for its potential to maximize health outcomes by efficiently utilizing finite resources and focusing on evidence. Although previous literature has identified some facilitators and barriers to promoting EBPM, these are mainly produced in Western countries, with no comparable research conducted yet in Japan. In recent years, knowledge brokers (KBs) have been focusing on the potential to facilitate EBPM. However, previous studies have targeted policymakers and researchers. This study explores the factors promoting EBPM in Japan by integrating the perspectives of policymakers, researchers and KBs. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 informants, 5 from each stakeholder, including policymakers, researchers and KBs. The data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Since this study aimed to identify factors considered necessary by multiple individuals for promoting EBPM rather than extracting atypical opinions, subcategories were defined as those with at least two speakers. Results A total of 15 interviewees (5 from each of the three stakeholders) participated. We identified five categories and 25 subcategories. The identified categories included cooperative engagement between government and external organizations, policy methods and mechanisms, governmental structure and environment, academic environment and development structure of KBs. The extracted subcategories were generating flexible evidence by researchers meeting the policy needs and creating platforms for active exchange of opinions and relationship-building across organizational boundaries. Conclusions Most factors identified in previous studies were observed in the Japanese context. Thus, we recommend that Japan implement interventions already established abroad, as they can significantly contribute to the advancement of EBPM. In addition, by incorporating the perspectives of KBs alongside policymakers and researchers, this study identified factors not addressed in prior research. To further support EBPM advancement, future studies should identify the competencies required for KBs and explore effective strategies for their development.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-025-01320-0Evidence-based policymakingPolicymakerResearcherKnowledge brokers
spellingShingle Yuko Arimura
Yuko Yanagawa
Shota Kiuchi
Haruka Matsuyama
Hinata Uehata
Maiko Suto
Hisaya Tomori
Kenji Takehara
Sonoko Sensaki
Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview
Health Research Policy and Systems
Evidence-based policymaking
Policymaker
Researcher
Knowledge brokers
title Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview
title_full Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview
title_fullStr Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview
title_full_unstemmed Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview
title_short Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview
title_sort identifying factors for promoting evidence based policymaking in japan with the perspective of policymakers researchers and knowledge brokers a semistructured interview
topic Evidence-based policymaking
Policymaker
Researcher
Knowledge brokers
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-025-01320-0
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