Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectives

Abstract Background The study explores the potential of ChatGPT, an advanced large language model (LLM) by OpenAI, in educating patients about meningioma, a common type of brain tumor. While ChatGPT has generated significant debate regarding its utility and ethics, its growing popularity suggests th...

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Main Authors: Diana-Coralia Dehelean, Sebastian H. Maier, Alev Altay-Langguth, Alexander Nitschmann, Michael Schmeling, Daniel F. Fleischmann, Paul Rogowski, Christian Trapp, Stefanie Corradini, Claus Belka, Stephan Schönecker, Sebastian N. Marschner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Radiation Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-025-02671-2
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author Diana-Coralia Dehelean
Sebastian H. Maier
Alev Altay-Langguth
Alexander Nitschmann
Michael Schmeling
Daniel F. Fleischmann
Paul Rogowski
Christian Trapp
Stefanie Corradini
Claus Belka
Stephan Schönecker
Sebastian N. Marschner
author_facet Diana-Coralia Dehelean
Sebastian H. Maier
Alev Altay-Langguth
Alexander Nitschmann
Michael Schmeling
Daniel F. Fleischmann
Paul Rogowski
Christian Trapp
Stefanie Corradini
Claus Belka
Stephan Schönecker
Sebastian N. Marschner
author_sort Diana-Coralia Dehelean
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The study explores the potential of ChatGPT, an advanced large language model (LLM) by OpenAI, in educating patients about meningioma, a common type of brain tumor. While ChatGPT has generated significant debate regarding its utility and ethics, its growing popularity suggests that patients may increasingly use such tools for medical information. The study specifically examines how patients who have undergone radiation therapy for meningioma perceive the information generated by ChatGPT, integrating both patient feedback and clinical assessment. Methods Eight meningioma-related questions on diagnosis, treatment options, and radiation therapy were posed to ChatGPT 4. A questionnaire with these responses and feedback items was developed to assess utility, accuracy, clarity, and alignment with patients’ experiences. Nine clinicians first rated each response’s relevance, correctness, and completeness on a five-point Likert scale. Subsequently, 28 patients with meningioma completed the questionnaire during their first follow-up visit (three months post–radiation therapy). Finally, the same questions were presented to three other large language models (ChatGPT 4o mini, Gemini Free, Gemini Advanced), and seven blinded clinicians rated each model’s responses before selecting the most accurate, eloquent, and comprehensive overall. Results The study cohort included 28 meningioma patients, mostly female, with a median age of 60 years. Most patients found the information clear, accurate, and reflective of their experiences, with 60% willing to use ChatGPT for future inquiries. Clinicians rated the relevance and correctness of the information highly, although completeness was rated slightly lower, particularly for questions about specific radiation therapy details and side effects. ChatGPT 4 and its newer version ChatGPT 4o mini received the highest, nearly identical scores among the four LLMs evaluated, while Gemini Free scored the lowest in clinician assessments. Conclusions ChatGPT demonstrates potential as a supplementary educational tool for meningioma patients, though some areas may require improvement, particularly in providing comprehensive information. The study highlights the potential for integrating AI in patient education, while also noting the need for clinical oversight to ensure accuracy and completeness. Trial registration: LMU ethics vote nr.: 23-0742
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spelling doaj-art-ebc5cd5598854d72a7ddef658a2881c62025-08-20T02:07:41ZengBMCRadiation Oncology1748-717X2025-06-0120111210.1186/s13014-025-02671-2Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectivesDiana-Coralia Dehelean0Sebastian H. Maier1Alev Altay-Langguth2Alexander Nitschmann3Michael Schmeling4Daniel F. Fleischmann5Paul Rogowski6Christian Trapp7Stefanie Corradini8Claus Belka9Stephan Schönecker10Sebastian N. Marschner11Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU MunichAbstract Background The study explores the potential of ChatGPT, an advanced large language model (LLM) by OpenAI, in educating patients about meningioma, a common type of brain tumor. While ChatGPT has generated significant debate regarding its utility and ethics, its growing popularity suggests that patients may increasingly use such tools for medical information. The study specifically examines how patients who have undergone radiation therapy for meningioma perceive the information generated by ChatGPT, integrating both patient feedback and clinical assessment. Methods Eight meningioma-related questions on diagnosis, treatment options, and radiation therapy were posed to ChatGPT 4. A questionnaire with these responses and feedback items was developed to assess utility, accuracy, clarity, and alignment with patients’ experiences. Nine clinicians first rated each response’s relevance, correctness, and completeness on a five-point Likert scale. Subsequently, 28 patients with meningioma completed the questionnaire during their first follow-up visit (three months post–radiation therapy). Finally, the same questions were presented to three other large language models (ChatGPT 4o mini, Gemini Free, Gemini Advanced), and seven blinded clinicians rated each model’s responses before selecting the most accurate, eloquent, and comprehensive overall. Results The study cohort included 28 meningioma patients, mostly female, with a median age of 60 years. Most patients found the information clear, accurate, and reflective of their experiences, with 60% willing to use ChatGPT for future inquiries. Clinicians rated the relevance and correctness of the information highly, although completeness was rated slightly lower, particularly for questions about specific radiation therapy details and side effects. ChatGPT 4 and its newer version ChatGPT 4o mini received the highest, nearly identical scores among the four LLMs evaluated, while Gemini Free scored the lowest in clinician assessments. Conclusions ChatGPT demonstrates potential as a supplementary educational tool for meningioma patients, though some areas may require improvement, particularly in providing comprehensive information. The study highlights the potential for integrating AI in patient education, while also noting the need for clinical oversight to ensure accuracy and completeness. Trial registration: LMU ethics vote nr.: 23-0742https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-025-02671-2MeningiomaChatGPTStereotactic radiosurgeryRadiation therapyPatient experienceLarge language model
spellingShingle Diana-Coralia Dehelean
Sebastian H. Maier
Alev Altay-Langguth
Alexander Nitschmann
Michael Schmeling
Daniel F. Fleischmann
Paul Rogowski
Christian Trapp
Stefanie Corradini
Claus Belka
Stephan Schönecker
Sebastian N. Marschner
Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectives
Radiation Oncology
Meningioma
ChatGPT
Stereotactic radiosurgery
Radiation therapy
Patient experience
Large language model
title Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectives
title_full Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectives
title_fullStr Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectives
title_short Evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients: patient and clinician perspectives
title_sort evaluating large language models as an educational tool for meningioma patients patient and clinician perspectives
topic Meningioma
ChatGPT
Stereotactic radiosurgery
Radiation therapy
Patient experience
Large language model
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-025-02671-2
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