The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i>
<i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> (Royle) Ying, the only species of Sinopodophyllum in <i>Berberidaceae</i>, is an endangered traditional Tibetan medicine. The harsh plateau growth environment makes <i>S. hexandrum</i> tough to breed and meet the global demand for...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Siyu Shen Yuqing Wu Yunfeng Luo Yang Li Wei Gao Luqi Huang Yating Hu Kang Chen Yuru Tong |
| author_facet | Siyu Shen Yuqing Wu Yunfeng Luo Yang Li Wei Gao Luqi Huang Yating Hu Kang Chen Yuru Tong |
| author_sort | Siyu Shen |
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| description | <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> (Royle) Ying, the only species of Sinopodophyllum in <i>Berberidaceae</i>, is an endangered traditional Tibetan medicine. The harsh plateau growth environment makes <i>S. hexandrum</i> tough to breed and meet the global demand for clinical medications such as podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and etoposide. Jasmonic acid (JA) is acknowledged as a key phytohormone that modulates stress responses by activating defense mechanisms and promoting the production of specialized metabolites, which offers valuable insights for developing varieties that are more resilient to stress or yield higher amounts of secondary metabolites. In this study, JA treatment was used as a simulated source of stress to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in phytohormones, such as JA, <i>cis</i>-(+)-12-oxo-10, 15(<i>Z</i>)-phytodienoic acid (<i>cis</i>-(+)-OPDA), and abscisic acid (ABA), and transcriptional regulation following hormonal regulation in intact plants. Some correlations through changes in phytohormone levels and the expression level of related signaling pathway genes were observed to confirm the overall regulatory effect after the JA treatment. Furthermore, the JA treatment caused the differential expression of various genes including transcription factors (TFs), of which the most typical one is myelocytomatosis oncogene like protein 2 (MYC2), <i>ShMYC2_3</i>. Therefore, we proposed that a plant hormone-mediated regulatory network exists endogenously in <i>S. hexandrum</i>, enabling it to respond to JA treatment. This study provides a new direction for the germplasm improvement and the sustainable utilization of <i>S. hexandrum</i> when facing exogenous stimulation. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-ebc52363acf14b7dada29a4070da70eb2025-08-20T02:09:14ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-01147100110.3390/plants14071001The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i>Siyu Shen0Yuqing Wu1Yunfeng Luo2Yang Li3Wei Gao4Luqi Huang5Yating Hu6Kang Chen7Yuru Tong8School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China<i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> (Royle) Ying, the only species of Sinopodophyllum in <i>Berberidaceae</i>, is an endangered traditional Tibetan medicine. The harsh plateau growth environment makes <i>S. hexandrum</i> tough to breed and meet the global demand for clinical medications such as podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and etoposide. Jasmonic acid (JA) is acknowledged as a key phytohormone that modulates stress responses by activating defense mechanisms and promoting the production of specialized metabolites, which offers valuable insights for developing varieties that are more resilient to stress or yield higher amounts of secondary metabolites. In this study, JA treatment was used as a simulated source of stress to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in phytohormones, such as JA, <i>cis</i>-(+)-12-oxo-10, 15(<i>Z</i>)-phytodienoic acid (<i>cis</i>-(+)-OPDA), and abscisic acid (ABA), and transcriptional regulation following hormonal regulation in intact plants. Some correlations through changes in phytohormone levels and the expression level of related signaling pathway genes were observed to confirm the overall regulatory effect after the JA treatment. Furthermore, the JA treatment caused the differential expression of various genes including transcription factors (TFs), of which the most typical one is myelocytomatosis oncogene like protein 2 (MYC2), <i>ShMYC2_3</i>. Therefore, we proposed that a plant hormone-mediated regulatory network exists endogenously in <i>S. hexandrum</i>, enabling it to respond to JA treatment. This study provides a new direction for the germplasm improvement and the sustainable utilization of <i>S. hexandrum</i> when facing exogenous stimulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1001<i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i>jasmonic acidtranscription factorshormonal regulation |
| spellingShingle | Siyu Shen Yuqing Wu Yunfeng Luo Yang Li Wei Gao Luqi Huang Yating Hu Kang Chen Yuru Tong The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> Plants <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> jasmonic acid transcription factors hormonal regulation |
| title | The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> |
| title_full | The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> |
| title_short | The Dynamic Changes in Biosynthesis and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phytohormones Under Jasmonic Acid Treatment Provide Insights into Hormonal Regulation in <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> |
| title_sort | dynamic changes in biosynthesis and spatiotemporal distribution of phytohormones under jasmonic acid treatment provide insights into hormonal regulation in i sinopodophyllum hexandrum i |
| topic | <i>Sinopodophyllum hexandrum</i> jasmonic acid transcription factors hormonal regulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1001 |
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