Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspective

Objective: Mitral valve repair is the gold standard treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation; however, a multitude of repair techniques exist with little quantitative data comparing these approaches. Using a novel ex vivo model, we sought to evaluate biomechanical differences between repair t...

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Main Authors: Michael J. Paulsen, MD, Mateo Marin Cuartas, MD, Annabel Imbrie-Moore, MS, Hanjay Wang, MD, Robert Wilkerson, BS, Justin Farry, BSE, Yuanjia Zhu, MD, Michael Ma, MD, John W. MacArthur, MD, Y. Joseph Woo, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-12-01
Series:JTCVS Techniques
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666250721006714
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author Michael J. Paulsen, MD
Mateo Marin Cuartas, MD
Annabel Imbrie-Moore, MS
Hanjay Wang, MD
Robert Wilkerson, BS
Justin Farry, BSE
Yuanjia Zhu, MD
Michael Ma, MD
John W. MacArthur, MD
Y. Joseph Woo, MD
author_facet Michael J. Paulsen, MD
Mateo Marin Cuartas, MD
Annabel Imbrie-Moore, MS
Hanjay Wang, MD
Robert Wilkerson, BS
Justin Farry, BSE
Yuanjia Zhu, MD
Michael Ma, MD
John W. MacArthur, MD
Y. Joseph Woo, MD
author_sort Michael J. Paulsen, MD
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Mitral valve repair is the gold standard treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation; however, a multitude of repair techniques exist with little quantitative data comparing these approaches. Using a novel ex vivo model, we sought to evaluate biomechanical differences between repair techniques. Methods: Using porcine mitral valves mounted within a custom 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulator, we induced mitral regurgitation using an isolated P2 prolapse model by cutting primary chordae. Next, we repaired the valves in series using the edge-to-edge technique, neochordoplasty, nonresectional remodeling, and classic leaflet resection. Hemodynamic data and chordae forces were measured and analyzed using an incomplete counterbalanced repeated measures design with the healthy pre-prolapse valve as a control. Results: With the exception of the edge-to-edge technique, all repair methods effectively corrected mitral regurgitation, returning regurgitant fraction to baseline levels (baseline 11.9% ± 3.7%, edge-to-edge 22.5% ± 6.9%, nonresectional remodeling 12.3% ± 3.0%, neochordal 13.4% ± 4.8%, resection 14.7% ± 5.5%, P < 0.01). Forces on the primary chordae were minimized using the neochordal and nonresectional techniques whereas the edge-to-edge and resectional techniques resulted in significantly elevated primary forces. Secondary chordae forces also followed this pattern, with edge-to-edge repair generating significantly higher secondary forces and leaflet resection trending higher than the nonresectional and neochord repairs. Conclusions: Although multiple methods of degenerative mitral valve repair are used clinically, their biomechanical properties vary significantly. Nonresectional techniques, including leaflet remodeling and neochordal techniques, appear to result in lower chordal forces in this ex vivo technical engineering model.
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spelling doaj-art-ebc4d5f820e04352aeb3739ccf4271462025-08-20T03:38:23ZengElsevierJTCVS Techniques2666-25072021-12-011024425110.1016/j.xjtc.2021.09.040Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspectiveMichael J. Paulsen, MD0Mateo Marin Cuartas, MD1Annabel Imbrie-Moore, MS2Hanjay Wang, MD3Robert Wilkerson, BS4Justin Farry, BSE5Yuanjia Zhu, MD6Michael Ma, MD7John W. MacArthur, MD8Y. Joseph Woo, MD9Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CalifDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Address for reprints: Y. Joseph Woo, MD, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Falk Cardiovascular Research Building CV-235, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5407.Objective: Mitral valve repair is the gold standard treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation; however, a multitude of repair techniques exist with little quantitative data comparing these approaches. Using a novel ex vivo model, we sought to evaluate biomechanical differences between repair techniques. Methods: Using porcine mitral valves mounted within a custom 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulator, we induced mitral regurgitation using an isolated P2 prolapse model by cutting primary chordae. Next, we repaired the valves in series using the edge-to-edge technique, neochordoplasty, nonresectional remodeling, and classic leaflet resection. Hemodynamic data and chordae forces were measured and analyzed using an incomplete counterbalanced repeated measures design with the healthy pre-prolapse valve as a control. Results: With the exception of the edge-to-edge technique, all repair methods effectively corrected mitral regurgitation, returning regurgitant fraction to baseline levels (baseline 11.9% ± 3.7%, edge-to-edge 22.5% ± 6.9%, nonresectional remodeling 12.3% ± 3.0%, neochordal 13.4% ± 4.8%, resection 14.7% ± 5.5%, P < 0.01). Forces on the primary chordae were minimized using the neochordal and nonresectional techniques whereas the edge-to-edge and resectional techniques resulted in significantly elevated primary forces. Secondary chordae forces also followed this pattern, with edge-to-edge repair generating significantly higher secondary forces and leaflet resection trending higher than the nonresectional and neochord repairs. Conclusions: Although multiple methods of degenerative mitral valve repair are used clinically, their biomechanical properties vary significantly. Nonresectional techniques, including leaflet remodeling and neochordal techniques, appear to result in lower chordal forces in this ex vivo technical engineering model.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666250721006714biomechanicschordae forcesex vivo modelleaflet remodelingleaflet resectionmitral valve repair
spellingShingle Michael J. Paulsen, MD
Mateo Marin Cuartas, MD
Annabel Imbrie-Moore, MS
Hanjay Wang, MD
Robert Wilkerson, BS
Justin Farry, BSE
Yuanjia Zhu, MD
Michael Ma, MD
John W. MacArthur, MD
Y. Joseph Woo, MD
Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspective
JTCVS Techniques
biomechanics
chordae forces
ex vivo model
leaflet remodeling
leaflet resection
mitral valve repair
title Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspective
title_full Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspective
title_fullStr Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspective
title_full_unstemmed Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspective
title_short Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional–printed left heart simulatorCentral MessagePerspective
title_sort biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3 dimensional printed left heart simulatorcentral messageperspective
topic biomechanics
chordae forces
ex vivo model
leaflet remodeling
leaflet resection
mitral valve repair
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666250721006714
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