Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Abstract Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that drives aggressive progression and treatment resistance. Previous studies have highlighted the roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and exhausted T (Tex) cells in MIBC, but their in...

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Main Authors: Zige Liu, Xingning Mao, Yuli Xie, Yunkun Yan, Xiang Wang, Junhao Mi, Hao Yuan, Jiange Zhang, Caisheng Huang, Jianxin Chen, Mujia Jili, Shengzhu Huang, Qingyun Zhang, Fubo Wang, Zengnan Mo, Rirong Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08094-9
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author Zige Liu
Xingning Mao
Yuli Xie
Yunkun Yan
Xiang Wang
Junhao Mi
Hao Yuan
Jiange Zhang
Caisheng Huang
Jianxin Chen
Mujia Jili
Shengzhu Huang
Qingyun Zhang
Fubo Wang
Zengnan Mo
Rirong Yang
author_facet Zige Liu
Xingning Mao
Yuli Xie
Yunkun Yan
Xiang Wang
Junhao Mi
Hao Yuan
Jiange Zhang
Caisheng Huang
Jianxin Chen
Mujia Jili
Shengzhu Huang
Qingyun Zhang
Fubo Wang
Zengnan Mo
Rirong Yang
author_sort Zige Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that drives aggressive progression and treatment resistance. Previous studies have highlighted the roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and exhausted T (Tex) cells in MIBC, but their interactive mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing of 19 tissue samples from 12 patients—7 MIBC, 3 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and 9 normal tissue samples—identified 13 transcriptionally distinct fibroblast clusters and 10 functionally heterogeneous T-cell subsets. Two interferon (IFN)-responsive fibroblast populations, F-ISG15 (inflammatory CAFs) and F-POSTN (myofibroblastic CAFs), were shown to predominate in the MIBC TME. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IFN-γ secreted by Tex cells polarizes CAFs to secrete CXCL12, which recruits CXCR4-expressing T cells via the CXCL12-CXCR4 chemotactic axis. Spatial analysis revealed a bidirectional loop: Tex-derived IFN-γ sustains CAF activation, whereas CAF-secreted CXCL12 amplifies Tex infiltration. Clinically, activated CAF signatures correlate with advanced disease stages and reduced patient survival in MIBC. These findings establish CXCL12 and IFN signaling as critical therapeutic targets, offering new strategies to disrupt immunosuppressive TME crosstalk and improve outcomes for MIBC patients.
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spelling doaj-art-ebbcdf42ea1f415eaeb5c6707d6a69da2025-08-20T02:55:23ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-05-018111410.1038/s42003-025-08094-9Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancerZige Liu0Xingning Mao1Yuli Xie2Yunkun Yan3Xiang Wang4Junhao Mi5Hao Yuan6Jiange Zhang7Caisheng Huang8Jianxin Chen9Mujia Jili10Shengzhu Huang11Qingyun Zhang12Fubo Wang13Zengnan Mo14Rirong Yang15Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityInstitute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical UniversityCenter for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Healthcare, Guangxi Medical UniversityAbstract Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that drives aggressive progression and treatment resistance. Previous studies have highlighted the roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and exhausted T (Tex) cells in MIBC, but their interactive mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing of 19 tissue samples from 12 patients—7 MIBC, 3 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and 9 normal tissue samples—identified 13 transcriptionally distinct fibroblast clusters and 10 functionally heterogeneous T-cell subsets. Two interferon (IFN)-responsive fibroblast populations, F-ISG15 (inflammatory CAFs) and F-POSTN (myofibroblastic CAFs), were shown to predominate in the MIBC TME. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IFN-γ secreted by Tex cells polarizes CAFs to secrete CXCL12, which recruits CXCR4-expressing T cells via the CXCL12-CXCR4 chemotactic axis. Spatial analysis revealed a bidirectional loop: Tex-derived IFN-γ sustains CAF activation, whereas CAF-secreted CXCL12 amplifies Tex infiltration. Clinically, activated CAF signatures correlate with advanced disease stages and reduced patient survival in MIBC. These findings establish CXCL12 and IFN signaling as critical therapeutic targets, offering new strategies to disrupt immunosuppressive TME crosstalk and improve outcomes for MIBC patients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08094-9
spellingShingle Zige Liu
Xingning Mao
Yuli Xie
Yunkun Yan
Xiang Wang
Junhao Mi
Hao Yuan
Jiange Zhang
Caisheng Huang
Jianxin Chen
Mujia Jili
Shengzhu Huang
Qingyun Zhang
Fubo Wang
Zengnan Mo
Rirong Yang
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Communications Biology
title Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
title_full Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
title_fullStr Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
title_full_unstemmed Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
title_short Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes T-cell infiltration in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
title_sort single cell rna sequencing reveals a fibroblast gene signature that promotes t cell infiltration in muscle invasive bladder cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08094-9
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