Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: A high baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. However, its predictive role in metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) treated with immunotherapy is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relatio...

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Main Authors: Ezgi Değerli, Çağatay Arslan, Fatih Selçukbiricik, Ömer Fatih Ölmez, Dilek Erdem, Jamshid Hamdard, Mesut Yılmaz, Rumeysa Çolak, Caner Kapar, Mustafa Erman, Fatih Kuş, Deniz Tural
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2103
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author Ezgi Değerli
Çağatay Arslan
Fatih Selçukbiricik
Ömer Fatih Ölmez
Dilek Erdem
Jamshid Hamdard
Mesut Yılmaz
Rumeysa Çolak
Caner Kapar
Mustafa Erman
Fatih Kuş
Deniz Tural
author_facet Ezgi Değerli
Çağatay Arslan
Fatih Selçukbiricik
Ömer Fatih Ölmez
Dilek Erdem
Jamshid Hamdard
Mesut Yılmaz
Rumeysa Çolak
Caner Kapar
Mustafa Erman
Fatih Kuş
Deniz Tural
author_sort Ezgi Değerli
collection DOAJ
description <i>Background and Objectives</i>: A high baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. However, its predictive role in metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) treated with immunotherapy is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the baseline and change in NLR and overall survival in mBC patients treated with immunotherapy, with the potential to significantly impact patient care. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 mBC patients who received second-line immunotherapy after progressing on platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were classified into high and low NLR groups using a cutoff value of 3.3. A further division was made based on NLR changes after two cycles of immunotherapy: whether NLR increased (≥10%) or decreased (≥10%). The endpoint was to estimate the association between clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. <i>Results</i>: The study included 56 patients, with a median age of 66.6 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. A low baseline NLR was associated with better OS than a high baseline NLR (<i>p</i> = 0.005). After two immunotherapy cycles, patients with a decreased NLR (≥10%) had significantly longer OS than those with an increased NLR (≥10%), regardless of the baseline NLR (<i>p</i> = 0.003). The overall median survival was 15 months, with 10 months for the NLR-increased group and not reached for the NLR-decreased group. <i>Conclusions</i>: Our study highlights the potential of baseline NLR and early changes in NLR as valuable prognostic markers for mBC patients receiving immunotherapy. Elevated neutrophils and lymphopenia negatively impact prognosis and treatment effectiveness, and NLR shows promise as a prognostic marker, inspiring further research and potential improvements in patient care.
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spelling doaj-art-ebb07e9f5f384e83b292f42972470c7a2025-08-20T02:00:47ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-12-016012210310.3390/medicina60122103Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with ImmunotherapyEzgi Değerli0Çağatay Arslan1Fatih Selçukbiricik2Ömer Fatih Ölmez3Dilek Erdem4Jamshid Hamdard5Mesut Yılmaz6Rumeysa Çolak7Caner Kapar8Mustafa Erman9Fatih Kuş10Deniz Tural11Department of Medical Oncology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, 34147 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medical Park İzmir Hospital, 35230 Izmir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medipol University Hospital, 34810 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medical Park Samsun Hospital, 55200 Samsun, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medipol University Hospital, 34810 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, 34147 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, 34147 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, 34147 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey<i>Background and Objectives</i>: A high baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. However, its predictive role in metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) treated with immunotherapy is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the baseline and change in NLR and overall survival in mBC patients treated with immunotherapy, with the potential to significantly impact patient care. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 mBC patients who received second-line immunotherapy after progressing on platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were classified into high and low NLR groups using a cutoff value of 3.3. A further division was made based on NLR changes after two cycles of immunotherapy: whether NLR increased (≥10%) or decreased (≥10%). The endpoint was to estimate the association between clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. <i>Results</i>: The study included 56 patients, with a median age of 66.6 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. A low baseline NLR was associated with better OS than a high baseline NLR (<i>p</i> = 0.005). After two immunotherapy cycles, patients with a decreased NLR (≥10%) had significantly longer OS than those with an increased NLR (≥10%), regardless of the baseline NLR (<i>p</i> = 0.003). The overall median survival was 15 months, with 10 months for the NLR-increased group and not reached for the NLR-decreased group. <i>Conclusions</i>: Our study highlights the potential of baseline NLR and early changes in NLR as valuable prognostic markers for mBC patients receiving immunotherapy. Elevated neutrophils and lymphopenia negatively impact prognosis and treatment effectiveness, and NLR shows promise as a prognostic marker, inspiring further research and potential improvements in patient care.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2103immunotherapybaseline NLRbladder cancerchange in NLRoverall survival
spellingShingle Ezgi Değerli
Çağatay Arslan
Fatih Selçukbiricik
Ömer Fatih Ölmez
Dilek Erdem
Jamshid Hamdard
Mesut Yılmaz
Rumeysa Çolak
Caner Kapar
Mustafa Erman
Fatih Kuş
Deniz Tural
Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy
Medicina
immunotherapy
baseline NLR
bladder cancer
change in NLR
overall survival
title Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy
title_full Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy
title_fullStr Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy
title_short Association Between Baseline and Changes in Early Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy
title_sort association between baseline and changes in early neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on survival in patients with metastatic bladder carcinoma treated with immunotherapy
topic immunotherapy
baseline NLR
bladder cancer
change in NLR
overall survival
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2103
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