Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reports
Objectives To assess which osmolarity equation best predicts directly measured serum/plasma osmolality and whether its use could add value to routine blood test results through screening for dehydration in older people.Design Diagnostic accuracy study.Participants Older people (≥65 years) in 5 cohor...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2015-10-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/10/e008846.full |
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| author | Lee Shepstone John F Potter Lee Hooper Asmaa Abdelhamid Amy Jennings Paul R Hunter W Garry John Neil P Walsh Adam Ali Diane K Bunn Susan Kerry Gregor Lindner Carmen A Pfortmueller Fredrik Sjöstrand Susan J Fairweather-Tait |
| author_facet | Lee Shepstone John F Potter Lee Hooper Asmaa Abdelhamid Amy Jennings Paul R Hunter W Garry John Neil P Walsh Adam Ali Diane K Bunn Susan Kerry Gregor Lindner Carmen A Pfortmueller Fredrik Sjöstrand Susan J Fairweather-Tait |
| author_sort | Lee Shepstone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives To assess which osmolarity equation best predicts directly measured serum/plasma osmolality and whether its use could add value to routine blood test results through screening for dehydration in older people.Design Diagnostic accuracy study.Participants Older people (≥65 years) in 5 cohorts: Dietary Strategies for Healthy Ageing in Europe (NU-AGE, living in the community), Dehydration Recognition In our Elders (DRIE, living in residential care), Fortes (admitted to acute medical care), Sjöstrand (emergency room) or Pfortmueller cohorts (hospitalised with liver cirrhosis).Reference standard for hydration status Directly measured serum/plasma osmolality: current dehydration (serum osmolality >300 mOsm/kg), impending/current dehydration (≥295 mOsm/kg).Index tests 39 osmolarity equations calculated using serum indices from the same blood draw as directly measured osmolality.Results Across 5 cohorts 595 older people were included, of whom 19% were dehydrated (directly measured osmolality >300 mOsm/kg). Of 39 osmolarity equations, 5 showed reasonable agreement with directly measured osmolality and 3 had good predictive accuracy in subgroups with diabetes and poor renal function. Two equations were characterised by narrower limits of agreement, low levels of differential bias and good diagnostic accuracy in receiver operating characteristic plots (areas under the curve >0.8). The best equation was osmolarity=1.86×(Na++ K+)+1.15×glucose+urea+14 (all measured in mmol/L). It appeared useful in people aged ≥65 years with and without diabetes, poor renal function, dehydration, in men and women, with a range of ages, health, cognitive and functional status.Conclusions Some commonly used osmolarity equations work poorly, and should not be used. Given costs and prevalence of dehydration in older people we suggest use of the best formula by pathology laboratories using a cutpoint of 295 mOsm/L (sensitivity 85%, specificity 59%), to report dehydration risk opportunistically when serum glucose, urea and electrolytes are measured for other reasons in older adults.Trial registration numbers: DRIE: Research Register for Social Care, 122273; NU-AGE: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01754012. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ebaa537421ab42cf98852aab336876f6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ebaa537421ab42cf98852aab336876f62025-02-09T08:55:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552015-10-0151010.1136/bmjopen-2015-008846Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reportsLee Shepstone0John F Potter1Lee Hooper2Asmaa Abdelhamid3Amy Jennings4Paul R Hunter5W Garry John6Neil P Walsh7Adam Ali8Diane K Bunn9Susan Kerry10Gregor Lindner11Carmen A Pfortmueller12Fredrik Sjöstrand13Susan J Fairweather-Tait14Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK2 Department of Ageing and Stroke Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK1 Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKClinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK10 College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK2Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UKDepartment of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Burgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, SwitzerlandIntensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland5Department of Emergency Medicine, Södersjukhuset AB, Stockholm, Sweden1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UKObjectives To assess which osmolarity equation best predicts directly measured serum/plasma osmolality and whether its use could add value to routine blood test results through screening for dehydration in older people.Design Diagnostic accuracy study.Participants Older people (≥65 years) in 5 cohorts: Dietary Strategies for Healthy Ageing in Europe (NU-AGE, living in the community), Dehydration Recognition In our Elders (DRIE, living in residential care), Fortes (admitted to acute medical care), Sjöstrand (emergency room) or Pfortmueller cohorts (hospitalised with liver cirrhosis).Reference standard for hydration status Directly measured serum/plasma osmolality: current dehydration (serum osmolality >300 mOsm/kg), impending/current dehydration (≥295 mOsm/kg).Index tests 39 osmolarity equations calculated using serum indices from the same blood draw as directly measured osmolality.Results Across 5 cohorts 595 older people were included, of whom 19% were dehydrated (directly measured osmolality >300 mOsm/kg). Of 39 osmolarity equations, 5 showed reasonable agreement with directly measured osmolality and 3 had good predictive accuracy in subgroups with diabetes and poor renal function. Two equations were characterised by narrower limits of agreement, low levels of differential bias and good diagnostic accuracy in receiver operating characteristic plots (areas under the curve >0.8). The best equation was osmolarity=1.86×(Na++ K+)+1.15×glucose+urea+14 (all measured in mmol/L). It appeared useful in people aged ≥65 years with and without diabetes, poor renal function, dehydration, in men and women, with a range of ages, health, cognitive and functional status.Conclusions Some commonly used osmolarity equations work poorly, and should not be used. Given costs and prevalence of dehydration in older people we suggest use of the best formula by pathology laboratories using a cutpoint of 295 mOsm/L (sensitivity 85%, specificity 59%), to report dehydration risk opportunistically when serum glucose, urea and electrolytes are measured for other reasons in older adults.Trial registration numbers: DRIE: Research Register for Social Care, 122273; NU-AGE: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01754012.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/10/e008846.full |
| spellingShingle | Lee Shepstone John F Potter Lee Hooper Asmaa Abdelhamid Amy Jennings Paul R Hunter W Garry John Neil P Walsh Adam Ali Diane K Bunn Susan Kerry Gregor Lindner Carmen A Pfortmueller Fredrik Sjöstrand Susan J Fairweather-Tait Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reports BMJ Open |
| title | Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reports |
| title_full | Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reports |
| title_fullStr | Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reports |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reports |
| title_short | Diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people: adding value to pathology laboratory reports |
| title_sort | diagnostic accuracy of calculated serum osmolarity to predict dehydration in older people adding value to pathology laboratory reports |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/10/e008846.full |
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