Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂

Abstract The present text deals with the study of thin films of metal–organic frameworks (MOF) materials based on Zn–BDC, Cu–BDC, and their modified versions with titanium incorporations at 5 and 10% mol. These materials were synthesized by chemically assisted vapor deposition (AACVD) technique and...

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Main Authors: Espinoza–Tapia Julio César, Hernández–Pérez Isaías, Becerril–Landero Luis Alberto, González–Reyes Leonardo, Huerta–Arcos Lázaro, Barrera–Calva Enrique, Falcony–Guajardo Ciro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00237-4
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author Espinoza–Tapia Julio César
Hernández–Pérez Isaías
Becerril–Landero Luis Alberto
González–Reyes Leonardo
Huerta–Arcos Lázaro
Barrera–Calva Enrique
Falcony–Guajardo Ciro
author_facet Espinoza–Tapia Julio César
Hernández–Pérez Isaías
Becerril–Landero Luis Alberto
González–Reyes Leonardo
Huerta–Arcos Lázaro
Barrera–Calva Enrique
Falcony–Guajardo Ciro
author_sort Espinoza–Tapia Julio César
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The present text deals with the study of thin films of metal–organic frameworks (MOF) materials based on Zn–BDC, Cu–BDC, and their modified versions with titanium incorporations at 5 and 10% mol. These materials were synthesized by chemically assisted vapor deposition (AACVD) technique and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, band gap determination, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that the incorporation of titanium modifies the structural, optical, and electronic properties of these MOFs, decreasing their band gap and altering their light absorption and emission characteristics. Furthermore, their efficiency as photocatalysts in the photoreduction of CO₂ in an aqueous system was evaluated, using liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the products. It was found that Cu–BDC exhibited higher efficiency compared to Zn–BDC, and the incorporation of titanium significantly improved the catalytic activity of both materials. The 10% Ti–Cu–BDC showed the highest efficiency, with a total yield of 344 mmol/L of products and a conversion efficiency of 56.4%. These results suggest that modification of MOFs with titanium is an effective strategy to optimize their performance in CO₂ photoreduction and other environmental and energy applications.
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spelling doaj-art-eb99663de25e45e0a9dd4088e45919ff2025-08-20T01:57:25ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering3004-89582025-03-0120111810.1186/s40712-025-00237-4Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂Espinoza–Tapia Julio César0Hernández–Pérez Isaías1Becerril–Landero Luis Alberto2González–Reyes Leonardo3Huerta–Arcos Lázaro4Barrera–Calva Enrique5Falcony–Guajardo Ciro6Cinvestav, Doctorado en Nanociencias y NanotecnologíaUAM–Azcapotzalco, Depto. de Ciencias BásicasCinvestav, Doctorado en Nanociencias y NanotecnologíaUAM–Azcapotzalco, Depto. de Ciencias BásicasUNAM–IIM, Laboratorio de Superficies. Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad UniversitariaUAM–Iztapalapa, Depto. de Ing. de Proc. e HidCinvestav, Doctorado en Nanociencias y NanotecnologíaAbstract The present text deals with the study of thin films of metal–organic frameworks (MOF) materials based on Zn–BDC, Cu–BDC, and their modified versions with titanium incorporations at 5 and 10% mol. These materials were synthesized by chemically assisted vapor deposition (AACVD) technique and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, band gap determination, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that the incorporation of titanium modifies the structural, optical, and electronic properties of these MOFs, decreasing their band gap and altering their light absorption and emission characteristics. Furthermore, their efficiency as photocatalysts in the photoreduction of CO₂ in an aqueous system was evaluated, using liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the products. It was found that Cu–BDC exhibited higher efficiency compared to Zn–BDC, and the incorporation of titanium significantly improved the catalytic activity of both materials. The 10% Ti–Cu–BDC showed the highest efficiency, with a total yield of 344 mmol/L of products and a conversion efficiency of 56.4%. These results suggest that modification of MOFs with titanium is an effective strategy to optimize their performance in CO₂ photoreduction and other environmental and energy applications.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00237-4Artificial photosynthesisThin filmsTitaniumZn–BDCCu–BDC
spellingShingle Espinoza–Tapia Julio César
Hernández–Pérez Isaías
Becerril–Landero Luis Alberto
González–Reyes Leonardo
Huerta–Arcos Lázaro
Barrera–Calva Enrique
Falcony–Guajardo Ciro
Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering
Artificial photosynthesis
Thin films
Titanium
Zn–BDC
Cu–BDC
title Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂
title_full Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂
title_fullStr Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂
title_full_unstemmed Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂
title_short Impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of Zn–BDC and Cu–BDC thin films in the photoreduction of CO₂
title_sort impact of titanium on the catalytic activity of zn bdc and cu bdc thin films in the photoreduction of co₂
topic Artificial photosynthesis
Thin films
Titanium
Zn–BDC
Cu–BDC
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00237-4
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