Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort study
Abstract Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor influencing various health outcomes, including hematologic indices. This study investigates the association between smoking status and latent classes of complete blood count (CBC) profiles in older adults. Data were analyzed from the baseline...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13058-4 |
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| author | Ali Mouseli Pejman Shahrokhi Mehdi Sharafi Zahra Mastaneh Abdollah Gharibzadeh Leila Jamali Arash Shekari |
| author_facet | Ali Mouseli Pejman Shahrokhi Mehdi Sharafi Zahra Mastaneh Abdollah Gharibzadeh Leila Jamali Arash Shekari |
| author_sort | Ali Mouseli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor influencing various health outcomes, including hematologic indices. This study investigates the association between smoking status and latent classes of complete blood count (CBC) profiles in older adults. Data were analyzed from the baseline phase of the Bandar Kong Cohort Study, including adults aged ≥ 35 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify subgroups based on CBC indices. Logistic regression was applied to examine associations between smoking status and class membership, adjusting for potential confounders. Four latent classes were identified: Class 1 (microcytic normochromic anemia; prevalence: 39.3%), Class 2 (beta-thalassemia minor; 13.8%), Class 3 (iron deficiency anemia; 34.4%), and Class 4 (mixed anemia; 12.5%). Current smoking was significantly associated with higher odds of membership in Class 2 (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05–2.16) and Class 4 (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.08–2.10) compared to Class 1. Former smoking showed no significant associations. Smoking is significantly associated with specific CBC profiles, particularly beta-thalassemia minor and mixed anemia. These findings underscore the importance of considering smoking history in anemia diagnosis and management while highlighting the potential benefits of smoking cessation in mitigating adverse hematologic effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb972fa291fc4828a164439c3f026ef8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-eb972fa291fc4828a164439c3f026ef82025-08-20T04:02:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-13058-4Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort studyAli Mouseli0Pejman Shahrokhi1Mehdi Sharafi2Zahra Mastaneh3Abdollah Gharibzadeh4Leila Jamali5Arash Shekari6Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Medicine , Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesCellular and Molecular Research Center , Gerash University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Health Information Management and Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center,Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor influencing various health outcomes, including hematologic indices. This study investigates the association between smoking status and latent classes of complete blood count (CBC) profiles in older adults. Data were analyzed from the baseline phase of the Bandar Kong Cohort Study, including adults aged ≥ 35 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify subgroups based on CBC indices. Logistic regression was applied to examine associations between smoking status and class membership, adjusting for potential confounders. Four latent classes were identified: Class 1 (microcytic normochromic anemia; prevalence: 39.3%), Class 2 (beta-thalassemia minor; 13.8%), Class 3 (iron deficiency anemia; 34.4%), and Class 4 (mixed anemia; 12.5%). Current smoking was significantly associated with higher odds of membership in Class 2 (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05–2.16) and Class 4 (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.08–2.10) compared to Class 1. Former smoking showed no significant associations. Smoking is significantly associated with specific CBC profiles, particularly beta-thalassemia minor and mixed anemia. These findings underscore the importance of considering smoking history in anemia diagnosis and management while highlighting the potential benefits of smoking cessation in mitigating adverse hematologic effects.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13058-4Latent class analysisBlood cell countSmokingBeta-thalassemiaAnemiaBandar kong cohort study |
| spellingShingle | Ali Mouseli Pejman Shahrokhi Mehdi Sharafi Zahra Mastaneh Abdollah Gharibzadeh Leila Jamali Arash Shekari Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort study Scientific Reports Latent class analysis Blood cell count Smoking Beta-thalassemia Anemia Bandar kong cohort study |
| title | Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort study |
| title_full | Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort study |
| title_short | Exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the Bandar Kong cohort study |
| title_sort | exploring latent classes of complete blood count profiles and their association with smoking status in the bandar kong cohort study |
| topic | Latent class analysis Blood cell count Smoking Beta-thalassemia Anemia Bandar kong cohort study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13058-4 |
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