Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional study
Objective To estimate the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Kerala.Design A community-based, cross-sectional survey.Participants In 2016–2017 a multistage, cluster sample of 12 012 (aged 18–69 years) participants from all 14 districts of Kerala were studied.Main outcome me...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2019-11-01
|
| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/11/e027880.full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850220820785266688 |
|---|---|
| author | P S Sarma Rajeev Sadanandan Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan Biju Soman Kannan Srinivasan R P Varma Manju R Nair A S Pradeepkumar Panniyammakal Jeemon K R Thankappan Raman V Kutty |
| author_facet | P S Sarma Rajeev Sadanandan Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan Biju Soman Kannan Srinivasan R P Varma Manju R Nair A S Pradeepkumar Panniyammakal Jeemon K R Thankappan Raman V Kutty |
| author_sort | P S Sarma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To estimate the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Kerala.Design A community-based, cross-sectional survey.Participants In 2016–2017 a multistage, cluster sample of 12 012 (aged 18–69 years) participants from all 14 districts of Kerala were studied.Main outcome measures NCD risk factors as stipulated in the WHO’s approach to NCD risk factors surveillance were studied. Parameters that were studied included physical activity score, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and morning urine sample to estimate dietary intake of salt.Results The mean age was 42.5 years (SD=14.8). Abdominal obesity was higher in women (72.6%; 95% CI 70.7 to 74.5) compared with men (39.1%; 95% CI 36.6 to 41.7), and also higher among urban (67.4%; 95% CI 65.0 to 69.7) compared with rural (58.6%; 95% CI 56.6 to 60.5) residents. Current use of tobacco and alcohol in men was 20.3% (95% CI 18.6 to 22.1) and 28.9% (95% CI 26.5 to 31.4), respectively. The estimated daily salt intake was 6.7 g/day. The overall prevalence of raised BP was 30.4% (95% CI 29.1 to 31.7) and raised FBG was 19.2% (95% CI 18.1 to 20.3). Raised BP was higher in men (34.6%; 95% CI 32.6 to 36.7) compared with women (28%; 95% CI 26.4 to 29.4), but was not different between urban (33.1%; 95% CI 31.3 to 34.9) and rural (29.8%; 95% CI 28.3 to 31.3) residents. Only 12.4% of individuals with hypertension and 15.3% of individuals with diabetes were found to have these conditions under control. Only 13.8% of urban and 18.4% of rural residents did not have any of the seven NCD risk factors studied.Conclusion Majority of the participants had more than one NCD risk factor. There was no rural–urban difference in terms of raised BP or raised FBG prevalence in Kerala. The higher rates of NCD risk factors and lower rates of hypertension and diabetes control call for concerted primary and secondary prevention strategies to address the future burden of NCDs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb8c24cefb6c4dd3bb4ada837b136917 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb8c24cefb6c4dd3bb4ada837b1369172025-08-20T02:06:54ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552019-11-0191110.1136/bmjopen-2018-027880Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional studyP S Sarma0Rajeev Sadanandan1Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan2Biju Soman3Kannan Srinivasan4R P Varma5Manju R Nair6A S Pradeepkumar7Panniyammakal Jeemon8K R Thankappan9Raman V Kutty101 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, IndiaDirectorate of Health, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India1 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India1 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India1 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India1 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India1 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India1 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, IndiaCentre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, IndiaSree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala1 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, IndiaObjective To estimate the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Kerala.Design A community-based, cross-sectional survey.Participants In 2016–2017 a multistage, cluster sample of 12 012 (aged 18–69 years) participants from all 14 districts of Kerala were studied.Main outcome measures NCD risk factors as stipulated in the WHO’s approach to NCD risk factors surveillance were studied. Parameters that were studied included physical activity score, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and morning urine sample to estimate dietary intake of salt.Results The mean age was 42.5 years (SD=14.8). Abdominal obesity was higher in women (72.6%; 95% CI 70.7 to 74.5) compared with men (39.1%; 95% CI 36.6 to 41.7), and also higher among urban (67.4%; 95% CI 65.0 to 69.7) compared with rural (58.6%; 95% CI 56.6 to 60.5) residents. Current use of tobacco and alcohol in men was 20.3% (95% CI 18.6 to 22.1) and 28.9% (95% CI 26.5 to 31.4), respectively. The estimated daily salt intake was 6.7 g/day. The overall prevalence of raised BP was 30.4% (95% CI 29.1 to 31.7) and raised FBG was 19.2% (95% CI 18.1 to 20.3). Raised BP was higher in men (34.6%; 95% CI 32.6 to 36.7) compared with women (28%; 95% CI 26.4 to 29.4), but was not different between urban (33.1%; 95% CI 31.3 to 34.9) and rural (29.8%; 95% CI 28.3 to 31.3) residents. Only 12.4% of individuals with hypertension and 15.3% of individuals with diabetes were found to have these conditions under control. Only 13.8% of urban and 18.4% of rural residents did not have any of the seven NCD risk factors studied.Conclusion Majority of the participants had more than one NCD risk factor. There was no rural–urban difference in terms of raised BP or raised FBG prevalence in Kerala. The higher rates of NCD risk factors and lower rates of hypertension and diabetes control call for concerted primary and secondary prevention strategies to address the future burden of NCDs.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/11/e027880.full |
| spellingShingle | P S Sarma Rajeev Sadanandan Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan Biju Soman Kannan Srinivasan R P Varma Manju R Nair A S Pradeepkumar Panniyammakal Jeemon K R Thankappan Raman V Kutty Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional study BMJ Open |
| title | Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, India: results of a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | prevalence of risk factors of non communicable diseases in kerala india results of a cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/11/e027880.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pssarma prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT rajeevsadanandan prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT jissavinodathulaseedharan prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT bijusoman prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT kannansrinivasan prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT rpvarma prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT manjurnair prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT aspradeepkumar prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT panniyammakaljeemon prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT krthankappan prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy AT ramanvkutty prevalenceofriskfactorsofnoncommunicablediseasesinkeralaindiaresultsofacrosssectionalstudy |