A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5G

The rapid development of 5G and next-generation wireless systems has increased the demand for antennas that support circular polarization (CP), wide frequency coverage, and a compact size. Achieving wideband CP performance in a low-profile and simple structure remains a key challenge for modern ante...

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Main Authors: Atyaf H. Mohammed, Falih M. Alnahwi, Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir, Sunday C. Ekpo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Technologies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/6/254
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author Atyaf H. Mohammed
Falih M. Alnahwi
Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir
Sunday C. Ekpo
author_facet Atyaf H. Mohammed
Falih M. Alnahwi
Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir
Sunday C. Ekpo
author_sort Atyaf H. Mohammed
collection DOAJ
description The rapid development of 5G and next-generation wireless systems has increased the demand for antennas that support circular polarization (CP), wide frequency coverage, and a compact size. Achieving wideband CP performance in a low-profile and simple structure remains a key challenge for modern antenna designs. In response to this, this paper presents a compact wide-slot antenna with a single feed, offering a wide operational bandwidth and circularly polarized radiation. The proposed design is excited by a 50 Ohm microstrip feedline, and it is fabricated on an (54 × 50 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>) FR4 dielectric substrate. On the bottom side of the dielectric substrate, the ground plane is engraved to form a square-shaped radiating slot. The shape of the tuning stub of the antenna is modified in order to attain a wide impedance bandwidth and an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). The modifications include inserting a rectangular strip and thin horizontal strips into the tuning stub after tapering its upper corner. On the other hand, the radiating slot is appended by two rectangular stubs. The radiation of the resulted structure has right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). The measured results of the proposed antenna show a −10 dB impedance bandwidth equal to 78% (2.65 GHz, 2.08–4.73 GHz), whereas its broadside 3 dB ARBW is 71.6% over the frequencies (2.31 GHz, 2.07–4.38 GHz), which is compatible with various wireless communication applications. Furthermore, the peak value of the measured gain is equal to 4.68 dB, and its value is larger than 2 dBi along the operational bandwidth of the antenna.
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spelling doaj-art-eb8705bef92245aab5d4f9fe8d2836e82025-08-20T02:21:53ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802025-06-0113625410.3390/technologies13060254A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5GAtyaf H. Mohammed0Falih M. Alnahwi1Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir2Sunday C. Ekpo3Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, IraqDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, IraqCommunication and Space Systems Engineering Research Team, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UKCommunication and Space Systems Engineering Research Team, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UKThe rapid development of 5G and next-generation wireless systems has increased the demand for antennas that support circular polarization (CP), wide frequency coverage, and a compact size. Achieving wideband CP performance in a low-profile and simple structure remains a key challenge for modern antenna designs. In response to this, this paper presents a compact wide-slot antenna with a single feed, offering a wide operational bandwidth and circularly polarized radiation. The proposed design is excited by a 50 Ohm microstrip feedline, and it is fabricated on an (54 × 50 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>) FR4 dielectric substrate. On the bottom side of the dielectric substrate, the ground plane is engraved to form a square-shaped radiating slot. The shape of the tuning stub of the antenna is modified in order to attain a wide impedance bandwidth and an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). The modifications include inserting a rectangular strip and thin horizontal strips into the tuning stub after tapering its upper corner. On the other hand, the radiating slot is appended by two rectangular stubs. The radiation of the resulted structure has right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). The measured results of the proposed antenna show a −10 dB impedance bandwidth equal to 78% (2.65 GHz, 2.08–4.73 GHz), whereas its broadside 3 dB ARBW is 71.6% over the frequencies (2.31 GHz, 2.07–4.38 GHz), which is compatible with various wireless communication applications. Furthermore, the peak value of the measured gain is equal to 4.68 dB, and its value is larger than 2 dBi along the operational bandwidth of the antenna.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/6/254wide-slot antennacircular polarizationsquare slotwideband
spellingShingle Atyaf H. Mohammed
Falih M. Alnahwi
Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir
Sunday C. Ekpo
A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5G
Technologies
wide-slot antenna
circular polarization
square slot
wideband
title A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5G
title_full A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5G
title_fullStr A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5G
title_full_unstemmed A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5G
title_short A Miniaturized RHCP Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications Including Sub-6 GHz 5G
title_sort miniaturized rhcp slot antenna for wideband applications including sub 6 ghz 5g
topic wide-slot antenna
circular polarization
square slot
wideband
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/6/254
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