Quantitative <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR and Chemometric Assessment of <sup>13</sup>C NMR Data: Application to Anabolic Steroid Formulations
This study investigates the potential of <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR for the characterization and classification of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) in various formulations. First, twenty AAS formulations, including tablets, capsules, and injectable solutions, wer...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2060 |
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| Summary: | This study investigates the potential of <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR for the characterization and classification of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) in various formulations. First, twenty AAS formulations, including tablets, capsules, and injectable solutions, were analyzed using <sup>1</sup>H NMR for the qualitative identification and quantification of active compounds. The results revealed discrepancies between the labeled and detected substances in several samples, highlighting issues related to product mislabeling and potential health risks. Then, twelve oil-based injectable formulations were examined using <sup>13</sup>C NMR, demonstrating its effectiveness in differentiating and quantifying closely related steroid structures that cannot be discriminated with <sup>1</sup>H NMR. A chemometric approach from <sup>13</sup>C NMR data, based on a principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), enabled the classification of samples and the identification of key active ingredients. |
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| ISSN: | 1420-3049 |