A Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change Materials

Abstract The ability to design and dynamically control chiroptical responses in solid-state matter at a wafer scale enables new opportunities in various areas. Here, we present a full stack of computer-aided designs and experimental implementations of a dynamically programmable, unified, scalable ch...

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Main Authors: Jichao Fan, Ruiyang Chen, Minhan Lou, Haoyu Xie, Nina Hong, Benjamin Hillam, Jacques Doumani, Yingheng Tang, Weilu Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59600-w
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author Jichao Fan
Ruiyang Chen
Minhan Lou
Haoyu Xie
Nina Hong
Benjamin Hillam
Jacques Doumani
Yingheng Tang
Weilu Gao
author_facet Jichao Fan
Ruiyang Chen
Minhan Lou
Haoyu Xie
Nina Hong
Benjamin Hillam
Jacques Doumani
Yingheng Tang
Weilu Gao
author_sort Jichao Fan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The ability to design and dynamically control chiroptical responses in solid-state matter at a wafer scale enables new opportunities in various areas. Here, we present a full stack of computer-aided designs and experimental implementations of a dynamically programmable, unified, scalable chiroptical heterostructure containing wafer-scale twisted aligned one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and non-volatile phase change materials. We develop a software infrastructure based on high-performance machine learning frameworks, including differentiable programming and derivative-free optimization, to efficiently optimize the tunability of both reciprocal and nonreciprocal circular dichroism responses, which are experimentally validated. Further, we demonstrate the heterostructure scalability regarding stacking layers and the dual roles of aligned carbon nanotubes - the layer to produce chiroptical responses and the Joule heating electrode to electrically program phase change materials. This heterostructure platform is versatile and expandable to a library of one-dimensional nanomaterials, phase change materials, and electro-optic materials for exploring novel chiral phenomena and photonic and optoelectronic devices.
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issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-eb815c97714e479fb4f33a802ee6cc952025-08-20T02:25:13ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-59600-wA Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change MaterialsJichao Fan0Ruiyang Chen1Minhan Lou2Haoyu Xie3Nina Hong4Benjamin Hillam5Jacques Doumani6Yingheng Tang7Weilu Gao8Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahJ.A. Woollam Co., Inc.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahAbstract The ability to design and dynamically control chiroptical responses in solid-state matter at a wafer scale enables new opportunities in various areas. Here, we present a full stack of computer-aided designs and experimental implementations of a dynamically programmable, unified, scalable chiroptical heterostructure containing wafer-scale twisted aligned one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and non-volatile phase change materials. We develop a software infrastructure based on high-performance machine learning frameworks, including differentiable programming and derivative-free optimization, to efficiently optimize the tunability of both reciprocal and nonreciprocal circular dichroism responses, which are experimentally validated. Further, we demonstrate the heterostructure scalability regarding stacking layers and the dual roles of aligned carbon nanotubes - the layer to produce chiroptical responses and the Joule heating electrode to electrically program phase change materials. This heterostructure platform is versatile and expandable to a library of one-dimensional nanomaterials, phase change materials, and electro-optic materials for exploring novel chiral phenomena and photonic and optoelectronic devices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59600-w
spellingShingle Jichao Fan
Ruiyang Chen
Minhan Lou
Haoyu Xie
Nina Hong
Benjamin Hillam
Jacques Doumani
Yingheng Tang
Weilu Gao
A Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change Materials
Nature Communications
title A Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change Materials
title_full A Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change Materials
title_fullStr A Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change Materials
title_full_unstemmed A Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change Materials
title_short A Programmable Wafer-scale Chiroptical Heterostructure of Twisted Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Phase Change Materials
title_sort programmable wafer scale chiroptical heterostructure of twisted aligned carbon nanotubes and phase change materials
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59600-w
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