Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations

ABSTRACT Background Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global health challenge. Chemotherapy remains the standard therapy for advanced NSCLC without mutations, but drug resistance often reduces effectiveness. Developing more effective methods to predict and monitor chemotherapy benefits early i...

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Main Authors: Zhao Shuang, Xiong Xingyu, Cheng Yue, Yu Mingjing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:The Clinical Respiratory Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70044
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author Zhao Shuang
Xiong Xingyu
Cheng Yue
Yu Mingjing
author_facet Zhao Shuang
Xiong Xingyu
Cheng Yue
Yu Mingjing
author_sort Zhao Shuang
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global health challenge. Chemotherapy remains the standard therapy for advanced NSCLC without mutations, but drug resistance often reduces effectiveness. Developing more effective methods to predict and monitor chemotherapy benefits early is crucial. Methods We carried out a retrospective cohort study of NSCLC patients without targeted mutations who received chemotherapy at West China Hospital from 2009 to 2013. We identified variables associated with chemotherapy outcomes and built four predictive models by machine learning. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) interpreted the best model's predictions. The Kaplan–Meier method assessed key variables' impact on 5‐year overall survival. Results The study enrolled 461 NSCLC patients. Eight variables were selected for the model: differentiation, surgery history, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost) model exhibited superior discriminatory ability in predicting complete response (CR) probabilities to chemotherapy, with an AUC of 0.78. SHAP plots showed surgery history and high differentiation were related to CR benefits from chemotherapy. Absence of surgery, higher NLR, higher PLR, and higher LDH were all independent prognostic factors for poor survivals in NSCLC patients without mutations receiving chemotherapy. Conclusions By machine learning, we developed a predictive model to assess chemotherapy benefits in NSCLC patients without targeted mutations, utilizing eight readily available and non‐invasive clinical indicators. Demonstrating satisfactory predictive performance and clinical practicability, this model may help clinicians identify patients' tendency to benefit from chemotherapy, potentially improving their prognosis.
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spelling doaj-art-eb796366eb534ec3b399198952bddc872025-08-20T02:39:15ZengWileyThe Clinical Respiratory Journal1752-69811752-699X2024-12-011812n/an/a10.1111/crj.70044Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted MutationsZhao Shuang0Xiong Xingyu1Cheng Yue2Yu Mingjing3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan ChinaABSTRACT Background Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global health challenge. Chemotherapy remains the standard therapy for advanced NSCLC without mutations, but drug resistance often reduces effectiveness. Developing more effective methods to predict and monitor chemotherapy benefits early is crucial. Methods We carried out a retrospective cohort study of NSCLC patients without targeted mutations who received chemotherapy at West China Hospital from 2009 to 2013. We identified variables associated with chemotherapy outcomes and built four predictive models by machine learning. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) interpreted the best model's predictions. The Kaplan–Meier method assessed key variables' impact on 5‐year overall survival. Results The study enrolled 461 NSCLC patients. Eight variables were selected for the model: differentiation, surgery history, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost) model exhibited superior discriminatory ability in predicting complete response (CR) probabilities to chemotherapy, with an AUC of 0.78. SHAP plots showed surgery history and high differentiation were related to CR benefits from chemotherapy. Absence of surgery, higher NLR, higher PLR, and higher LDH were all independent prognostic factors for poor survivals in NSCLC patients without mutations receiving chemotherapy. Conclusions By machine learning, we developed a predictive model to assess chemotherapy benefits in NSCLC patients without targeted mutations, utilizing eight readily available and non‐invasive clinical indicators. Demonstrating satisfactory predictive performance and clinical practicability, this model may help clinicians identify patients' tendency to benefit from chemotherapy, potentially improving their prognosis.https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70044chemotherapymachine learningNSCLCoutcomesurvival
spellingShingle Zhao Shuang
Xiong Xingyu
Cheng Yue
Yu Mingjing
Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
The Clinical Respiratory Journal
chemotherapy
machine learning
NSCLC
outcome
survival
title Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
title_full Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
title_fullStr Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
title_full_unstemmed Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
title_short Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
title_sort explainable machine learning predictions for the benefit from chemotherapy in advanced non small cell lung cancer without available targeted mutations
topic chemotherapy
machine learning
NSCLC
outcome
survival
url https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70044
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AT xiongxingyu explainablemachinelearningpredictionsforthebenefitfromchemotherapyinadvancednonsmallcelllungcancerwithoutavailabletargetedmutations
AT chengyue explainablemachinelearningpredictionsforthebenefitfromchemotherapyinadvancednonsmallcelllungcancerwithoutavailabletargetedmutations
AT yumingjing explainablemachinelearningpredictionsforthebenefitfromchemotherapyinadvancednonsmallcelllungcancerwithoutavailabletargetedmutations