The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active Regions
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the eruptions of magnetized plasma from the Sun and are considered the main driver of adverse space weather events. Hence, understanding their formation process, particularly the magnetic topology, is critical for accurate space weather prediction. Here, based on im...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb976 |
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| author | J. H. Guo Y. W. Ni B. Schmieder Y. Guo C. Xia P. Devi R. Chandra S. Poedts R. Joshi Y. H. Zhou H. T. Li P. F. Chen |
| author_facet | J. H. Guo Y. W. Ni B. Schmieder Y. Guo C. Xia P. Devi R. Chandra S. Poedts R. Joshi Y. H. Zhou H. T. Li P. F. Chen |
| author_sort | J. H. Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the eruptions of magnetized plasma from the Sun and are considered the main driver of adverse space weather events. Hence, understanding their formation process, particularly the magnetic topology, is critical for accurate space weather prediction. Here, based on imaging observations and three-dimensional (3D) data-constrained thermodynamic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation in spherical coordinates, we exhibit the birth of a CME with intricate magnetic structure from multiple active regions (ARs) due to 3D magnetic reconnection. It is observed as a coronal jet between ARs, accompanied by the back-flowing of filament materials along the jet spine after the passage of the eruptive filament. This jet connects two dimming regions within different ARs. This is an observational proxy of 3D magnetic reconnection between the CME flux rope and the null-point magnetic field lines crossing ARs. Hereafter, the thermodynamic data-constrained MHD simulation successfully reproduces the observed jet and the reconnection process that flux ropes partake in, leading to a CME flux rope with a complex magnetic structure distinct from its progenitor. The generality of this scenario is then validated by data-inspired MHD simulations in a simple multipolar magnetic configuration. This work demonstrates the role of multiple ARs in forming CMEs with intricate magnetic structures. On the one hand, a noncoherent flux rope where not all twisted magnetic field lines wind around one common axis is naturally formed. On the other hand, our findings suggest that the topology of a real CME flux rope may not be solely determined by a single AR, particularly during periods of solar maximum. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb72cddba2524c0db22cf8ca72fd53ba |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb72cddba2524c0db22cf8ca72fd53ba2025-08-20T03:04:20ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198314810.3847/1538-4357/adb976The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active RegionsJ. H. Guo0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-5566Y. W. Ni1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9908-291XB. Schmieder2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-9183Y. Guo3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-8439C. Xia4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-4304P. Devi5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-0329R. Chandra6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-5856S. Poedts7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-0651R. Joshi8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-5754Y. H. Zhou9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-393XH. T. Li10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-8399P. F. Chen11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-642XSchool of Astronomy and Space Science and Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; jinhan.guo@nju.edu.cn; Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics , Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-3001 Leuven, BelgiumSchool of Astronomy and Space Science and Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; jinhan.guo@nju.edu.cnCentre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics , Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; LIRA , Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, FranceSchool of Astronomy and Space Science and Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; jinhan.guo@nju.edu.cnSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, DSB Campus, Kumaun University , Nainital 263001, IndiaDepartment of Physics, DSB Campus, Kumaun University , Nainital 263001, IndiaCentre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics , Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Physics, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska , ul. Radziszewskiego 10, 20-031 Lublin, PolandRosseland Centre for Solar Physics, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1029, Blindern 0315, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1029, Blindern 0315, Oslo, NorwayCentre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics , Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-3001 Leuven, BelgiumSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 611756, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science and Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; jinhan.guo@nju.edu.cnCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the eruptions of magnetized plasma from the Sun and are considered the main driver of adverse space weather events. Hence, understanding their formation process, particularly the magnetic topology, is critical for accurate space weather prediction. Here, based on imaging observations and three-dimensional (3D) data-constrained thermodynamic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation in spherical coordinates, we exhibit the birth of a CME with intricate magnetic structure from multiple active regions (ARs) due to 3D magnetic reconnection. It is observed as a coronal jet between ARs, accompanied by the back-flowing of filament materials along the jet spine after the passage of the eruptive filament. This jet connects two dimming regions within different ARs. This is an observational proxy of 3D magnetic reconnection between the CME flux rope and the null-point magnetic field lines crossing ARs. Hereafter, the thermodynamic data-constrained MHD simulation successfully reproduces the observed jet and the reconnection process that flux ropes partake in, leading to a CME flux rope with a complex magnetic structure distinct from its progenitor. The generality of this scenario is then validated by data-inspired MHD simulations in a simple multipolar magnetic configuration. This work demonstrates the role of multiple ARs in forming CMEs with intricate magnetic structures. On the one hand, a noncoherent flux rope where not all twisted magnetic field lines wind around one common axis is naturally formed. On the other hand, our findings suggest that the topology of a real CME flux rope may not be solely determined by a single AR, particularly during periods of solar maximum.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb976Magnetohydrodynamical simulationsSolar coronal mass ejectionsSolar magnetic fields |
| spellingShingle | J. H. Guo Y. W. Ni B. Schmieder Y. Guo C. Xia P. Devi R. Chandra S. Poedts R. Joshi Y. H. Zhou H. T. Li P. F. Chen The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active Regions The Astrophysical Journal Magnetohydrodynamical simulations Solar coronal mass ejections Solar magnetic fields |
| title | The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active Regions |
| title_full | The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active Regions |
| title_fullStr | The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active Regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active Regions |
| title_short | The Birth of a Major Coronal Mass Ejection with Intricate Magnetic Structure from Multiple Active Regions |
| title_sort | birth of a major coronal mass ejection with intricate magnetic structure from multiple active regions |
| topic | Magnetohydrodynamical simulations Solar coronal mass ejections Solar magnetic fields |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb976 |
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