Severe tolvaptan-associated hyperglycemia: a case report

Abstract Background Tolvaptan-associated hyperglycemia has rarely been described in literature. Case presentation A 95-year-old East Asian (Chinese) male patient with hyponatremia started on tolvaptan treatment at a dosage of 15 mg per day. The patient had a serum sodium concentration of 124.5 mmol/...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Huihuan Sun, Ping Yang, Lijuan Chen, Ying Zhang, Shudong Liu, Wenxiu Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Medical Case Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05356-2
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Summary:Abstract Background Tolvaptan-associated hyperglycemia has rarely been described in literature. Case presentation A 95-year-old East Asian (Chinese) male patient with hyponatremia started on tolvaptan treatment at a dosage of 15 mg per day. The patient had a serum sodium concentration of 124.5 mmol/L at baseline; this concentration increased to 138.3 mmol/L over the ensuing 5 months of treatment. Moreover, the patient’s fasting blood glucose dramatically increased from 6.3 to 17.2 mmol/L with tolvaptan treatment, and his glycated hemoglobin A1c increased from 5.8% to 9.4%. Tolvaptan was withdrawn owing to hyperglycemia, and insulin pump treatment was started. The serum sodium concentration decreased to 123 mmol/L after tolvaptan withdrawal. The higher levels of blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide did not return to their previous levels for 5 months after the withdrawal of tolvaptan. Conclusion We reported a rare case of tolvaptan-associated chronic severe hyperglycemia with a Naranjo probability scale score of 6. Our findings increase clinical knowledge and indicate the need for proactive blood glucose monitoring during prolonged tolvaptan use in clinical practice.
ISSN:1752-1947