Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration
Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a metabolite of tryptophan produced by gut bacterial catabolism that has a variety of functions, including anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and regulation of glucose metabolism. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary IPA supplementation on earl...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Animal Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000873 |
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| author | Yezi Kong Qi Wang Jing Wang Xiaoyu Qiu Yong Yang Jingbo Liu Feiyun Yang Renli Qi |
| author_facet | Yezi Kong Qi Wang Jing Wang Xiaoyu Qiu Yong Yang Jingbo Liu Feiyun Yang Renli Qi |
| author_sort | Yezi Kong |
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| description | Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a metabolite of tryptophan produced by gut bacterial catabolism that has a variety of functions, including anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and regulation of glucose metabolism. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary IPA supplementation on early muscle development in piglets. Twelve healthy Landrace × Rongchang piglets at 30 d of age were randomly divided into control (CON group, 10.78 ± 0.040 kg) and 0.01% IPA (IPA group, 10.80 ± 0.062 kg) for 50 d. The results showed that IPA increased the proportion of glycolytic myofibers significantly in muscle (P = 0.002). Supplementation with IPA increased pyruvate kinase (PK) activity (P = 0.025) and gene expression of myosin heavy chain 4 (MYH4) in muscle (P < 0.001), and decreased the gene expression of MYH7 and MYH2 (P < 0.01) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (P < 0.01). Supplementation with IPA enhanced insulin sensitivity and activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vivo and accelerated differentiation of C2C12 cells in vitro. In addition, IPA affected gut microbiota by increasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and significantly reduced the concentration of kynurenine and melatonin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IPA increased glycolytic myofibers and promoted muscle growth by regulating the homeostasis of glucose metabolism mediated by PI3K-mTOR signaling and the gut microbiota in piglets. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb681b3c967e4076bbaf1b751b55ccf4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-6545 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
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| series | Animal Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb681b3c967e4076bbaf1b751b55ccf42025-08-20T05:07:13ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452025-09-012236337410.1016/j.aninu.2025.02.013Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alterationYezi Kong0Qi Wang1Jing Wang2Xiaoyu Qiu3Yong Yang4Jingbo Liu5Feiyun Yang6Renli Qi7Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; Animal Nutrition and Institute, National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig, Chongqing 402460, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; Animal Nutrition and Institute, National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig, Chongqing 402460, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; Animal Nutrition and Institute, National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig, Chongqing 402460, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; Animal Nutrition and Institute, National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; Animal Nutrition and Institute, National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig, Chongqing 402460, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; Animal Nutrition and Institute, National Center of Technology Innovation for Pig, Chongqing 402460, China; Corresponding author.Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a metabolite of tryptophan produced by gut bacterial catabolism that has a variety of functions, including anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and regulation of glucose metabolism. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary IPA supplementation on early muscle development in piglets. Twelve healthy Landrace × Rongchang piglets at 30 d of age were randomly divided into control (CON group, 10.78 ± 0.040 kg) and 0.01% IPA (IPA group, 10.80 ± 0.062 kg) for 50 d. The results showed that IPA increased the proportion of glycolytic myofibers significantly in muscle (P = 0.002). Supplementation with IPA increased pyruvate kinase (PK) activity (P = 0.025) and gene expression of myosin heavy chain 4 (MYH4) in muscle (P < 0.001), and decreased the gene expression of MYH7 and MYH2 (P < 0.01) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (P < 0.01). Supplementation with IPA enhanced insulin sensitivity and activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vivo and accelerated differentiation of C2C12 cells in vitro. In addition, IPA affected gut microbiota by increasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and significantly reduced the concentration of kynurenine and melatonin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IPA increased glycolytic myofibers and promoted muscle growth by regulating the homeostasis of glucose metabolism mediated by PI3K-mTOR signaling and the gut microbiota in piglets.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000873Tryptophan metaboliteSkeletal muscle fiber transformationPhosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathwayGut microbiomeWeaned piglet |
| spellingShingle | Yezi Kong Qi Wang Jing Wang Xiaoyu Qiu Yong Yang Jingbo Liu Feiyun Yang Renli Qi Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration Animal Nutrition Tryptophan metabolite Skeletal muscle fiber transformation Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway Gut microbiome Weaned piglet |
| title | Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration |
| title_full | Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration |
| title_fullStr | Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration |
| title_short | Indole-3-propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through PI3K-mTOR activation and gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolic alteration |
| title_sort | indole 3 propionic acid enhances glycolytic myofiber formation in piglets through pi3k mtor activation and gut microbiota driven tryptophan metabolic alteration |
| topic | Tryptophan metabolite Skeletal muscle fiber transformation Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway Gut microbiome Weaned piglet |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000873 |
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