A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network
The brain is a source of continuous electrical activity, which includes one-dimensional voltage pulses (action potentials) that propagate along nerve fibres, transient localized oscillations and persistent surface oscillations in five distinct frequency bands. However, a unified theoretical framewor...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Royal Society
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241977 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850139735223173120 |
|---|---|
| author | Siddhartha Sen |
| author_facet | Siddhartha Sen |
| author_sort | Siddhartha Sen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The brain is a source of continuous electrical activity, which includes one-dimensional voltage pulses (action potentials) that propagate along nerve fibres, transient localized oscillations and persistent surface oscillations in five distinct frequency bands. However, a unified theoretical framework for modelling these excitations is lacking. In this article, we provide such a framework by constructing a special surface network in which all observed brain-like signals, including surface oscillations, can be generated by topological means. Analytic expressions for all these excitations are found, and the values of the five frequency bands of surface oscillations are correctly predicted. It is shown how input signals of the system produce their own communication code to encode the information they carry and how the response output propagating signals produced carry this input information with them and can transfer it to the pathways they traverse as a non-transient topological memory structure of aligned spin-half protons. It is conjectured that the memory structure is located in the insulating sheaths of nerve fibres and is stable only if the pathways between the assembly of neurons, which represents a memory structure, include loops. The creation time and size of memory structures are estimated, and a memory-specific excitation frequency for a memory structure is identified and determined, which can be used to recall memories. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb630da55a044bbf8b97b376b23b882d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb630da55a044bbf8b97b376b23b882d2025-08-20T02:30:09ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-05-0112510.1098/rsos.241977A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface networkSiddhartha Sen0Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandThe brain is a source of continuous electrical activity, which includes one-dimensional voltage pulses (action potentials) that propagate along nerve fibres, transient localized oscillations and persistent surface oscillations in five distinct frequency bands. However, a unified theoretical framework for modelling these excitations is lacking. In this article, we provide such a framework by constructing a special surface network in which all observed brain-like signals, including surface oscillations, can be generated by topological means. Analytic expressions for all these excitations are found, and the values of the five frequency bands of surface oscillations are correctly predicted. It is shown how input signals of the system produce their own communication code to encode the information they carry and how the response output propagating signals produced carry this input information with them and can transfer it to the pathways they traverse as a non-transient topological memory structure of aligned spin-half protons. It is conjectured that the memory structure is located in the insulating sheaths of nerve fibres and is stable only if the pathways between the assembly of neurons, which represents a memory structure, include loops. The creation time and size of memory structures are estimated, and a memory-specific excitation frequency for a memory structure is identified and determined, which can be used to recall memories.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241977electroencephalographyoscillationsnetwork |
| spellingShingle | Siddhartha Sen A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network Royal Society Open Science electroencephalography oscillations network |
| title | A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network |
| title_full | A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network |
| title_fullStr | A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network |
| title_full_unstemmed | A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network |
| title_short | A topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network |
| title_sort | topological method of generating action potentials and electroencephalography oscillations in a surface network |
| topic | electroencephalography oscillations network |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241977 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT siddharthasen atopologicalmethodofgeneratingactionpotentialsandelectroencephalographyoscillationsinasurfacenetwork AT siddharthasen topologicalmethodofgeneratingactionpotentialsandelectroencephalographyoscillationsinasurfacenetwork |