Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in Enugu

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a rapidly progressive chronic renal parenchymal disease that occurs in HIV-infected individuals and manifests commonly as proteinuria, which is preceded by microalbuminuria (MA). This clinical entity is defined as a spot urin...

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Main Authors: Ezeonwu Bertilla Uzoma, Okafor Henrietta Uchenna, Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka, Oguonu Tagbo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-01-01
Series:International Journal of Nephrology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/805834
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author Ezeonwu Bertilla Uzoma
Okafor Henrietta Uchenna
Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka
Oguonu Tagbo
author_facet Ezeonwu Bertilla Uzoma
Okafor Henrietta Uchenna
Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka
Oguonu Tagbo
author_sort Ezeonwu Bertilla Uzoma
collection DOAJ
description Background. Human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a rapidly progressive chronic renal parenchymal disease that occurs in HIV-infected individuals and manifests commonly as proteinuria, which is preceded by microalbuminuria (MA). This clinical entity is defined as a spot urine albumin of 20–200 mg/L. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in HIV positive children in UNTH, Enugu and compare it with that of HIV-negative children. Methods. A total of 154 HIV positive children aged 18 months to 14 years and 154 HIV-negative children of corresponding attributes were screened for microalbuminuria, using Micral test II strip which has a sensitivity of 90–99%. Results. No child among the groups (HIV positive and negative) had microalbuminuria. Majority (96.0%) of HIV-positive children had nonadvanced HIV disease at the time of the study (𝑃=0.00). About 77.3% were using HAART (𝑃<0.0001), the mean CD4 cell count of the subjects was 709.2±443.9 cells/mm3; while 78.0% had nonsevere immunosuppression (𝑃=0.00). Furthermore, HIV-positive children with severe immunosuppression were younger and had shorter duration of treatment. Conclusion. Microalbuminuria may not be very common in Nigerian children irrespective of their HIV status.
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spelling doaj-art-eb55360522e944c4adfcbcb8b0f7882c2025-08-20T03:21:16ZengWileyInternational Journal of Nephrology2090-214X2090-21582012-01-01201210.1155/2012/805834805834Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in EnuguEzeonwu Bertilla Uzoma0Okafor Henrietta Uchenna1Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka2Oguonu Tagbo3Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla, Enugu 400001, NigeriaDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla, Enugu 400001, NigeriaDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla, Enugu 400001, NigeriaDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla, Enugu 400001, NigeriaBackground. Human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a rapidly progressive chronic renal parenchymal disease that occurs in HIV-infected individuals and manifests commonly as proteinuria, which is preceded by microalbuminuria (MA). This clinical entity is defined as a spot urine albumin of 20–200 mg/L. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in HIV positive children in UNTH, Enugu and compare it with that of HIV-negative children. Methods. A total of 154 HIV positive children aged 18 months to 14 years and 154 HIV-negative children of corresponding attributes were screened for microalbuminuria, using Micral test II strip which has a sensitivity of 90–99%. Results. No child among the groups (HIV positive and negative) had microalbuminuria. Majority (96.0%) of HIV-positive children had nonadvanced HIV disease at the time of the study (𝑃=0.00). About 77.3% were using HAART (𝑃<0.0001), the mean CD4 cell count of the subjects was 709.2±443.9 cells/mm3; while 78.0% had nonsevere immunosuppression (𝑃=0.00). Furthermore, HIV-positive children with severe immunosuppression were younger and had shorter duration of treatment. Conclusion. Microalbuminuria may not be very common in Nigerian children irrespective of their HIV status.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/805834
spellingShingle Ezeonwu Bertilla Uzoma
Okafor Henrietta Uchenna
Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka
Oguonu Tagbo
Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in Enugu
International Journal of Nephrology
title Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in Enugu
title_full Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in Enugu
title_fullStr Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in Enugu
title_full_unstemmed Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in Enugu
title_short Screening for Microalbuminuria in HIV-Positive Children in Enugu
title_sort screening for microalbuminuria in hiv positive children in enugu
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/805834
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