Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensing

Abstract Sympatrically breeding avian species may have similar environmental requirements for nesting sites, resulting in interspecific competition. It may be reduced by partitioning resources in space or/and time, allowing relatively stable coexistence in the shared habitat. Here, we investigated n...

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Main Authors: Karolina Cieślińska, Brygida Manikowska-Ślepowrońska, Krzysztof Ślepowroński, Dariusz Jakubas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06205-4
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author Karolina Cieślińska
Brygida Manikowska-Ślepowrońska
Krzysztof Ślepowroński
Dariusz Jakubas
author_facet Karolina Cieślińska
Brygida Manikowska-Ślepowrońska
Krzysztof Ślepowroński
Dariusz Jakubas
author_sort Karolina Cieślińska
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sympatrically breeding avian species may have similar environmental requirements for nesting sites, resulting in interspecific competition. It may be reduced by partitioning resources in space or/and time, allowing relatively stable coexistence in the shared habitat. Here, we investigated nesting niches of sympatrically breeding, Black Terns (BT, Chlidonias niger) and Whiskered Terns (WT, Chlidonias hybrida) in Druzno Lake (Poland) in 2024. We compared nesting site proximity characteristics between both studied species at two different spatial scales using remotely sensed from drone surveys: (contribution of water and vegetation) and indices derived from satellite imagery: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a proxy for vegetation density, and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) as a proxy for open water contribution. Both species partitioned location (they bred in separate locations) and resources within common breeding ground. BT’s nests were situated significantly closer to the lake shore (mean ± SD 102.25 ± 62.47 m) and further away from each other (mean ± SD 22.22 ± 14.81 m) compared to WTs (mean ± SD 257.24 ± 109.64 m & 11.24 ± 10.67 m, respectively). BTs, unlike WTs prefer to nest in areas with higher open water contribution and lower vegetation density. The nesting niches of BT were wider than those of WT, suggesting that BT use more diversified habitats for breeding.
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spelling doaj-art-eb3f28de2e354b299087fff487ac698c2025-08-20T03:45:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-06205-4Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensingKarolina Cieślińska0Brygida Manikowska-Ślepowrońska1Krzysztof Ślepowroński2Dariusz Jakubas3Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskDepartment of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskDepartment of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskDepartment of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskAbstract Sympatrically breeding avian species may have similar environmental requirements for nesting sites, resulting in interspecific competition. It may be reduced by partitioning resources in space or/and time, allowing relatively stable coexistence in the shared habitat. Here, we investigated nesting niches of sympatrically breeding, Black Terns (BT, Chlidonias niger) and Whiskered Terns (WT, Chlidonias hybrida) in Druzno Lake (Poland) in 2024. We compared nesting site proximity characteristics between both studied species at two different spatial scales using remotely sensed from drone surveys: (contribution of water and vegetation) and indices derived from satellite imagery: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a proxy for vegetation density, and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) as a proxy for open water contribution. Both species partitioned location (they bred in separate locations) and resources within common breeding ground. BT’s nests were situated significantly closer to the lake shore (mean ± SD 102.25 ± 62.47 m) and further away from each other (mean ± SD 22.22 ± 14.81 m) compared to WTs (mean ± SD 257.24 ± 109.64 m & 11.24 ± 10.67 m, respectively). BTs, unlike WTs prefer to nest in areas with higher open water contribution and lower vegetation density. The nesting niches of BT were wider than those of WT, suggesting that BT use more diversified habitats for breeding.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06205-4Colonial nestingNDWINDVISympatric nestingUAVWetlands
spellingShingle Karolina Cieślińska
Brygida Manikowska-Ślepowrońska
Krzysztof Ślepowroński
Dariusz Jakubas
Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensing
Scientific Reports
Colonial nesting
NDWI
NDVI
Sympatric nesting
UAV
Wetlands
title Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensing
title_full Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensing
title_fullStr Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensing
title_full_unstemmed Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensing
title_short Nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding Chlidonias Tern species revealed by remote sensing
title_sort nesting niche partitioning between two sympatrically breeding chlidonias tern species revealed by remote sensing
topic Colonial nesting
NDWI
NDVI
Sympatric nesting
UAV
Wetlands
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06205-4
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AT krzysztofslepowronski nestingnichepartitioningbetweentwosympatricallybreedingchlidoniasternspeciesrevealedbyremotesensing
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