If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing

As generative AI (GenAI) becomes more sophisticated, it is increasingly being used as a tool to enhance creative expression and innovation. Along with its potential benefits, it is imperative that we examine pitfalls in how generative AI may affect the quality of creative thinking and possibly lead...

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Main Authors: Peidong Mei, Deborah N. Brewis, Fortune Nwaiwu, Deshan Sumanathilaka, Fernando Alva-Manchego, Joanna Demaree-Cotton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882125000246
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author Peidong Mei
Deborah N. Brewis
Fortune Nwaiwu
Deshan Sumanathilaka
Fernando Alva-Manchego
Joanna Demaree-Cotton
author_facet Peidong Mei
Deborah N. Brewis
Fortune Nwaiwu
Deshan Sumanathilaka
Fernando Alva-Manchego
Joanna Demaree-Cotton
author_sort Peidong Mei
collection DOAJ
description As generative AI (GenAI) becomes more sophisticated, it is increasingly being used as a tool to enhance creative expression and innovation. Along with its potential benefits, it is imperative that we examine pitfalls in how generative AI may affect the quality of creative thinking and possibly lead to a narrowing of diversity both in representation and thought. In this study, we employed an experimental design with 225 university students who completed a creative writing task with pre- and post-task surveys to assess ChatGPT's impact on their performance and experiences compared to a control group who did not use ChatGPT. Results show that using ChatGPT enhanced creativity of output and reduced the difficulty and effort required for the task, particularly for non-native English speakers. However, it also diminished the value and enjoyment of the task and raised moral concerns. We contribute to the nascent literature on GenAI by showing how ChatGPT assistance could potentially bolster human creativity by facilitating content delivery or providing useful counterpoint ideas. We also significantly advance scholarship on understanding experience of GenAI, demonstrating that bypassing the cognitive effort required for creativity by using ChatGPT could be harmful to the creative process and experience of creative tasks, especially when steps are not taken to address the use of AI in a transparent manner. Finally, our novel mixed-method study design offers a contribution to the methodological frameworks for the study of the effects and experience of GenAI. We discuss the study results in relation to implications for educational practices and social policy and argue that our results support recommending an integration of generative AI into higher education alongside practices that help to mitigate the negative impacts of AI use on student experience.
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spelling doaj-art-eb3d9af97f4748f189d0b0d369f2c1b42025-08-20T03:22:04ZengElsevierComputers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans2949-88212025-05-01410014010.1016/j.chbah.2025.100140If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writingPeidong Mei0Deborah N. Brewis1Fortune Nwaiwu2Deshan Sumanathilaka3Fernando Alva-Manchego4Joanna Demaree-Cotton5School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King's College, AB24 3FX1, Aberdeen, UK; Uehiro Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Saint Ebbe's St, Oxford, OX11PT, UK; Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, The Queen's Dr, Exeter, EX4 4QH, UK; Corresponding author. School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King's College, AB24 3FX1, Aberdeen, UK.School of Management, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UKSchool of Mathematics and Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UKSchool for Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Abacws, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UKUehiro Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Saint Ebbe's St, Oxford, OX11PT, UKAs generative AI (GenAI) becomes more sophisticated, it is increasingly being used as a tool to enhance creative expression and innovation. Along with its potential benefits, it is imperative that we examine pitfalls in how generative AI may affect the quality of creative thinking and possibly lead to a narrowing of diversity both in representation and thought. In this study, we employed an experimental design with 225 university students who completed a creative writing task with pre- and post-task surveys to assess ChatGPT's impact on their performance and experiences compared to a control group who did not use ChatGPT. Results show that using ChatGPT enhanced creativity of output and reduced the difficulty and effort required for the task, particularly for non-native English speakers. However, it also diminished the value and enjoyment of the task and raised moral concerns. We contribute to the nascent literature on GenAI by showing how ChatGPT assistance could potentially bolster human creativity by facilitating content delivery or providing useful counterpoint ideas. We also significantly advance scholarship on understanding experience of GenAI, demonstrating that bypassing the cognitive effort required for creativity by using ChatGPT could be harmful to the creative process and experience of creative tasks, especially when steps are not taken to address the use of AI in a transparent manner. Finally, our novel mixed-method study design offers a contribution to the methodological frameworks for the study of the effects and experience of GenAI. We discuss the study results in relation to implications for educational practices and social policy and argue that our results support recommending an integration of generative AI into higher education alongside practices that help to mitigate the negative impacts of AI use on student experience.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882125000246Human-AI interactionCreativityCognitionPerceptionGenAIChatGPT
spellingShingle Peidong Mei
Deborah N. Brewis
Fortune Nwaiwu
Deshan Sumanathilaka
Fernando Alva-Manchego
Joanna Demaree-Cotton
If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing
Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans
Human-AI interaction
Creativity
Cognition
Perception
GenAI
ChatGPT
title If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing
title_full If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing
title_fullStr If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing
title_full_unstemmed If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing
title_short If ChatGPT can do it, where is my creativity? generative AI boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing
title_sort if chatgpt can do it where is my creativity generative ai boosts performance but diminishes experience in creative writing
topic Human-AI interaction
Creativity
Cognition
Perception
GenAI
ChatGPT
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882125000246
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