Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes
Background: Detecting methadone (MET) is crucial due to its severe side effects. Method: Herein, a green nanocomposite based on reduced graphene (rGO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been introduced to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for real-time measurement of MET. This eco-friendly sensing i...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402416536X |
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| author | Sayyed Esmaeil Moradi Ardeshir Shokrollahi Faezeh Shahdost-Fard |
| author_facet | Sayyed Esmaeil Moradi Ardeshir Shokrollahi Faezeh Shahdost-Fard |
| author_sort | Sayyed Esmaeil Moradi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Detecting methadone (MET) is crucial due to its severe side effects. Method: Herein, a green nanocomposite based on reduced graphene (rGO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been introduced to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for real-time measurement of MET. This eco-friendly sensing interface has synergistically benefited from both advantages of rGO and β-CD including excellent electron transfer tunneling and surface area enhancement to selectively trap MET based on its shape and size. Significant findings: The developed sensor electrochemically detected MET at 0.8 V in buffer phosphate with a pH value of 7 under a wide linear concentration range (1 μM–830 μM), including a MET concentration level alarmed based on the consumer opioid tolerance according to the WHO's report. The limit of detection and analytical sensitivity values were calculated to be 333.33 nM and 0.0502 μA μM−1. The acceptable performance of the sensor to detect MET in various real human biofluids including serum, urine, and saliva samples, which is a bonus for the real-time and on-site measurement of MET, may open up a route for noninvasive routine tests in clinical samples. Moreover, the greenness profile of this strategy has been well evaluated by two common international metrics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb3600920b2d4adc9ee05a5444f08695 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb3600920b2d4adc9ee05a5444f086952025-08-20T01:59:30ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-12-011023e4050510.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40505Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexesSayyed Esmaeil Moradi0Ardeshir Shokrollahi1Faezeh Shahdost-Fard2Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, IranChemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Background: Detecting methadone (MET) is crucial due to its severe side effects. Method: Herein, a green nanocomposite based on reduced graphene (rGO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been introduced to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for real-time measurement of MET. This eco-friendly sensing interface has synergistically benefited from both advantages of rGO and β-CD including excellent electron transfer tunneling and surface area enhancement to selectively trap MET based on its shape and size. Significant findings: The developed sensor electrochemically detected MET at 0.8 V in buffer phosphate with a pH value of 7 under a wide linear concentration range (1 μM–830 μM), including a MET concentration level alarmed based on the consumer opioid tolerance according to the WHO's report. The limit of detection and analytical sensitivity values were calculated to be 333.33 nM and 0.0502 μA μM−1. The acceptable performance of the sensor to detect MET in various real human biofluids including serum, urine, and saliva samples, which is a bonus for the real-time and on-site measurement of MET, may open up a route for noninvasive routine tests in clinical samples. Moreover, the greenness profile of this strategy has been well evaluated by two common international metrics.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402416536XMethadoneReduced graphene oxideβ-cyclodextrinGreenness indexNon-invasive analysisHuman biofluids |
| spellingShingle | Sayyed Esmaeil Moradi Ardeshir Shokrollahi Faezeh Shahdost-Fard Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes Heliyon Methadone Reduced graphene oxide β-cyclodextrin Greenness index Non-invasive analysis Human biofluids |
| title | Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes |
| title_full | Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes |
| title_fullStr | Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes |
| title_short | Applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes |
| title_sort | applicability of a green nanocomposite consists of reduced graphene oxide and β cyclodextrin for electrochemical tracing of methadone in human biofluids validated by international greenness indexes |
| topic | Methadone Reduced graphene oxide β-cyclodextrin Greenness index Non-invasive analysis Human biofluids |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402416536X |
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