Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder for which few effective treatments are available. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. In our preliminary experiment, GSP promoted functional recovery in rats with SCI, but the mecha...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2579003 |
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| _version_ | 1832549271409262592 |
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| author | Wen-zhao Liu Zhan-jun Ma Ji-he Kang Ai-xin Lin Zhao-heng Wang Hai-wei Chen Xu-dong Guo Xue-gang He Xue-wen Kang |
| author_facet | Wen-zhao Liu Zhan-jun Ma Ji-he Kang Ai-xin Lin Zhao-heng Wang Hai-wei Chen Xu-dong Guo Xue-gang He Xue-wen Kang |
| author_sort | Wen-zhao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder for which few effective treatments are available. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. In our preliminary experiment, GSP promoted functional recovery in rats with SCI, but the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the protective effects of GSP on SCI and its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that GSP promoted locomotor recovery, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal preservation, and regulated microglial polarisation in vivo. We also performed in vitro studies to verify the effects of GSP on neuronal protection and microglial polarisation and their potential mechanisms. We found that GSP regulated microglial polarisation and inhibited apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by M1-BV2 cells through the Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. This suggests that GSP regulates microglial polarisation and prevents neuronal apoptosis, possibly by the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb2efc5cf89b435ab71bb9777f4a5754 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb2efc5cf89b435ab71bb9777f4a57542025-02-03T06:11:49ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612022-01-01202210.1155/2022/2579003Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord InjuryWen-zhao Liu0Zhan-jun Ma1Ji-he Kang2Ai-xin Lin3Zhao-heng Wang4Hai-wei Chen5Xu-dong Guo6Xue-gang He7Xue-wen Kang8The Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder for which few effective treatments are available. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. In our preliminary experiment, GSP promoted functional recovery in rats with SCI, but the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the protective effects of GSP on SCI and its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that GSP promoted locomotor recovery, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal preservation, and regulated microglial polarisation in vivo. We also performed in vitro studies to verify the effects of GSP on neuronal protection and microglial polarisation and their potential mechanisms. We found that GSP regulated microglial polarisation and inhibited apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by M1-BV2 cells through the Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. This suggests that GSP regulates microglial polarisation and prevents neuronal apoptosis, possibly by the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2579003 |
| spellingShingle | Wen-zhao Liu Zhan-jun Ma Ji-he Kang Ai-xin Lin Zhao-heng Wang Hai-wei Chen Xu-dong Guo Xue-gang He Xue-wen Kang Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_full | Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_fullStr | Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_short | Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_sort | grape seed proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect by regulating microglial m1 m2 polarisation in rats with spinal cord injury |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2579003 |
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