Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs

Studies have shown that the development of myopia is associated with scleral remodeling, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. This study investigates the effects of vitreous injection of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) on scleral remodeling in myopic guinea pigs and the...

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Main Authors: Yijie Liu, Qi Hao, Xuemei Pan, Pubo Wang, Dadong Guo, Qingmei Tian, Xiuyan Zhang, Xiuzhen Lu, Qiuxin Wu, Hongsheng Bi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1526656/full
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author Yijie Liu
Qi Hao
Xuemei Pan
Pubo Wang
Dadong Guo
Qingmei Tian
Xiuyan Zhang
Xiuzhen Lu
Qiuxin Wu
Hongsheng Bi
author_facet Yijie Liu
Qi Hao
Xuemei Pan
Pubo Wang
Dadong Guo
Qingmei Tian
Xiuyan Zhang
Xiuzhen Lu
Qiuxin Wu
Hongsheng Bi
author_sort Yijie Liu
collection DOAJ
description Studies have shown that the development of myopia is associated with scleral remodeling, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. This study investigates the effects of vitreous injection of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) on scleral remodeling in myopic guinea pigs and the possible signaling pathways. Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, lens-induced myopia (LIM) group, rhBMP2 low-dose group (LD), rhBMP2 medium-dose group (MD), and rhBMP2 high-dose group (HD). After rhBMP2 intervention, myopic refraction was reduced and axial growth was delayed compared with the LIM group; Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining showed that the arrangement of scleral collagen fibers was loose, the disorder was improved, and the cavities were reduced, especially in MD group; and immunofluorescence staining showed elevated α-SMA protein expression. Q-PCR and western blot results showed that after rhBMP2 intervention, at the mRNA and protein levels, the expression of BMPRIA, smad1, smad5, smad9, smad4, TIMP2, and Col1A1 was up-regulated, and MMP2 expression was down-regulated when compared with the LIM group. From this study, we conclude that after injecting rhBMP2 into the vitreous cavity of experimental myopic guinea pigs, it can bind to BMP2-related receptors, activate smad signaling pathway, affect the expression of MMP2/TIMP2, promote the expression of Col1A1 gene, regulate scleral remodeling, promote collagen I synthesis, and delay the development of myopia.
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spelling doaj-art-eb26e10e246b487ca2ce006c938477fb2025-08-20T02:55:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-05-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15266561526656Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigsYijie Liu0Qi Hao1Xuemei Pan2Pubo Wang3Dadong Guo4Qingmei Tian5Xiuyan Zhang6Xiuzhen Lu7Qiuxin Wu8Hongsheng Bi9Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaStudies have shown that the development of myopia is associated with scleral remodeling, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. This study investigates the effects of vitreous injection of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) on scleral remodeling in myopic guinea pigs and the possible signaling pathways. Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, lens-induced myopia (LIM) group, rhBMP2 low-dose group (LD), rhBMP2 medium-dose group (MD), and rhBMP2 high-dose group (HD). After rhBMP2 intervention, myopic refraction was reduced and axial growth was delayed compared with the LIM group; Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining showed that the arrangement of scleral collagen fibers was loose, the disorder was improved, and the cavities were reduced, especially in MD group; and immunofluorescence staining showed elevated α-SMA protein expression. Q-PCR and western blot results showed that after rhBMP2 intervention, at the mRNA and protein levels, the expression of BMPRIA, smad1, smad5, smad9, smad4, TIMP2, and Col1A1 was up-regulated, and MMP2 expression was down-regulated when compared with the LIM group. From this study, we conclude that after injecting rhBMP2 into the vitreous cavity of experimental myopic guinea pigs, it can bind to BMP2-related receptors, activate smad signaling pathway, affect the expression of MMP2/TIMP2, promote the expression of Col1A1 gene, regulate scleral remodeling, promote collagen I synthesis, and delay the development of myopia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1526656/fullmyopiarecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2BMP/smadscleral remodelingscleral
spellingShingle Yijie Liu
Qi Hao
Xuemei Pan
Pubo Wang
Dadong Guo
Qingmei Tian
Xiuyan Zhang
Xiuzhen Lu
Qiuxin Wu
Hongsheng Bi
Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs
Frontiers in Medicine
myopia
recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2
BMP/smad
scleral remodeling
scleral
title Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs
title_full Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs
title_fullStr Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs
title_full_unstemmed Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs
title_short Harnessing the potential of recombinant human BMP2: regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs
title_sort harnessing the potential of recombinant human bmp2 regulating scleral changes in myopic guinea pigs
topic myopia
recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2
BMP/smad
scleral remodeling
scleral
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1526656/full
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