Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engine
Despite efforts to use ammonia as a fuel, there remain problems with low combustion speeds and high unburned ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions. Therefore, methods to compensate for slow combustion speeds and stabilize combustion have been studied. This study aims to analyze how increasi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/268 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850082334091509760 |
|---|---|
| author | Cheolwoong Park Ilpum Jang Jeongwoo Lee Minki Kim Chansoo Park Yongrae Kim Young Choi |
| author_facet | Cheolwoong Park Ilpum Jang Jeongwoo Lee Minki Kim Chansoo Park Yongrae Kim Young Choi |
| author_sort | Cheolwoong Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite efforts to use ammonia as a fuel, there remain problems with low combustion speeds and high unburned ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions. Therefore, methods to compensate for slow combustion speeds and stabilize combustion have been studied. This study aims to analyze how increasing the compression ratio affects engine performance to enhance thermal efficiency and reduce unburned emissions in a high-pressure ammonia direct injection spark-ignited engine. In addition, by applying a high-flow-rate (HFR) injector, an improvement in the combustion of ammonia fuel and exhaust gas emissions is observed through changes in the air–fuel mixture formation of high-pressure directly injected ammonia fuel. Compared with the existing compression ratio, the incomplete combustion loss due to unburned NH<sub>3</sub> increases significantly, and the thermal efficiency does not increase under an increased compression ratio. When HFR injectors are applied with an increase in the compression ratio, the net work increases by 4.7%, as incomplete combustion and energy losses of fuel are reduced by reducing the amount of unburned NH<sub>3</sub>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eb202f0167cb42449b4bb3d34574360c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-eb202f0167cb42449b4bb3d34574360c2025-08-20T02:44:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-01-0113226810.3390/jmse13020268Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited EngineCheolwoong Park0Ilpum Jang1Jeongwoo Lee2Minki Kim3Chansoo Park4Yongrae Kim5Young Choi6Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Autonomous Vehicle System Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Autonomous Vehicle System Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaKorea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of KoreaKorea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of KoreaKorea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of KoreaKorea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of KoreaDespite efforts to use ammonia as a fuel, there remain problems with low combustion speeds and high unburned ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions. Therefore, methods to compensate for slow combustion speeds and stabilize combustion have been studied. This study aims to analyze how increasing the compression ratio affects engine performance to enhance thermal efficiency and reduce unburned emissions in a high-pressure ammonia direct injection spark-ignited engine. In addition, by applying a high-flow-rate (HFR) injector, an improvement in the combustion of ammonia fuel and exhaust gas emissions is observed through changes in the air–fuel mixture formation of high-pressure directly injected ammonia fuel. Compared with the existing compression ratio, the incomplete combustion loss due to unburned NH<sub>3</sub> increases significantly, and the thermal efficiency does not increase under an increased compression ratio. When HFR injectors are applied with an increase in the compression ratio, the net work increases by 4.7%, as incomplete combustion and energy losses of fuel are reduced by reducing the amount of unburned NH<sub>3</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/268ammoniain-cylinder direct injectioncompression ratiothermal efficiencyhigh-flow-rate injectorenergy loss |
| spellingShingle | Cheolwoong Park Ilpum Jang Jeongwoo Lee Minki Kim Chansoo Park Yongrae Kim Young Choi Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engine Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ammonia in-cylinder direct injection compression ratio thermal efficiency high-flow-rate injector energy loss |
| title | Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engine |
| title_full | Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engine |
| title_fullStr | Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engine |
| title_short | Effect of a Compression Ratio Increase and High-Flow-Rate Injection on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonia Direct Injection Spark-Ignited Engine |
| title_sort | effect of a compression ratio increase and high flow rate injection on the combustion characteristics of an ammonia direct injection spark ignited engine |
| topic | ammonia in-cylinder direct injection compression ratio thermal efficiency high-flow-rate injector energy loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/268 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cheolwoongpark effectofacompressionratioincreaseandhighflowrateinjectiononthecombustioncharacteristicsofanammoniadirectinjectionsparkignitedengine AT ilpumjang effectofacompressionratioincreaseandhighflowrateinjectiononthecombustioncharacteristicsofanammoniadirectinjectionsparkignitedengine AT jeongwoolee effectofacompressionratioincreaseandhighflowrateinjectiononthecombustioncharacteristicsofanammoniadirectinjectionsparkignitedengine AT minkikim effectofacompressionratioincreaseandhighflowrateinjectiononthecombustioncharacteristicsofanammoniadirectinjectionsparkignitedengine AT chansoopark effectofacompressionratioincreaseandhighflowrateinjectiononthecombustioncharacteristicsofanammoniadirectinjectionsparkignitedengine AT yongraekim effectofacompressionratioincreaseandhighflowrateinjectiononthecombustioncharacteristicsofanammoniadirectinjectionsparkignitedengine AT youngchoi effectofacompressionratioincreaseandhighflowrateinjectiononthecombustioncharacteristicsofanammoniadirectinjectionsparkignitedengine |